Systematic review with meta‐analysis: the association between hepatitis E seroprevalence and haemodialysis

Haffar, Samir; Bazerbachi, Fateh; Leise, Michael D.; Dillon, John; Albright, Robert C.; Murad, M. Hassan; Kamath, Patrick S.; Watt, Kymberly D.

doi:10.1111/apt.14285

Cited by 26 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 49 publications

(97 reference statements)

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“…The reported prevalence of anti‐HEV IgG ranges from 6% to 16% among renal transplant recipients in developed countries . Rates of HEV seroprevalence in patients on maintenance dialysis are higher than in healthy controls, probably because of administration of blood products . Based on HEV‐RNA detection, the incidence of HEV infection varies from 0.9% to 3.5% in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…maintenance dialysis are higher than in healthy controls, probably because of administration of blood products. 22 Based on HEV-RNA detection, the incidence of HEV infection varies from 0.9% to 3.5% in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients. 23 It has been reported that 60% of SOT recipients with viremic HEV infection progress to chronic infection defined as persistence of HEV-RNA for more than 6 months.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of active hepatitis E virus infection and efficacy of ribavirin treatment in renal allograft recipients

Friebus‐Kardash

Eisenberger

Ackermann

et al. 2019

Transplant Infectious Dis

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Background Hepatitis E virus (HEV) genotype 3 infection frequently progresses to chronic disease with persisting HEV viremia in immunocompromised patients. Here, we evaluated the prevalence of HEV infection in renal allograft recipients and investigated the efficacy and tolerability of ribavirin monotherapy. Methods A total of 947 recipients on average 8.7 years post transplant were screened for anti‐HEV IgG, IgM and HEV‐RNA. Sixteen HEV‐viremic renal allograft recipients were treated with ribavirin for 12 weeks. HEV‐RNA concentration, laboratory and clinical parameters were assessed at baseline, during therapy and 12 weeks after treatment cessation. HEV‐genotyping was performed in all HEV‐viremic patients. Results Past HEV infection was detected serologically in 18% of the renal allograft recipients. Ongoing HEV replication was found in 16 recipients (all genotype 3). Unanimously, distinct HEV sequences were revealed in all HEV‐viremic patients. At the start of ribavirin treatment, median HEV‐RNA viral load was 4.3 × 106 (8000‐5.0 × 106) IU/mL. Ninety‐four percentage of HEV‐infected allograft recipients showed a sustained virological response 12 weeks after treatment cessation. Ribavirin treatment was associated with rapid decrease in liver enzymes and rare occurrence of anemia. Conclusions Prevalence of active HEV infection is important in renal transplant patients without signs of nosocomial infection. Ribavirin treatment was safe and effective.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of active hepatitis E virus infection and efficacy of ribavirin treatment in renal allograft recipients

Friebus‐Kardash

Eisenberger

Ackermann

et al. 2019

Transplant Infectious Dis

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“…A human vaccine has already been approved in China in December 2011, and it is believed that a swine vaccine is feasible . Other described risk factors include infected water, shellfish, blood transfusions and haemodialysis …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…60 Other described risk factors include infected water, shellfish, blood transfusions and haemodialysis. 62,63 HEV-RNA testing is the gold standard for diagnosis of ongoing infection. The virus is detectable in the blood and stool just before the onset of hepatitis symptoms of acute hepatitis, and disappears from the blood within 3 weeks, while persisting in the stool for 2 more weeks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute liver failure caused by hepatitis E virus genotype 3 and 4: A systematic review and pooled analysis

Haffar¹,

Shalimar

Kaur

et al. 2018

Liver International

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“…[48] According to the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, evidence indicated the increase in hepatitis E in the U.K. was due to food-borne zoonoses, citing a study that found in the U.K. that 10% of pork [39] Hepatitis E infection appeared to be more common in people on hemodialysis, although the specific risk factors for transmission are not clear. [49] Animal reservoir…”

Section: Infection In Pregnancymentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis E

Anis¹

2019

Wiki J Med

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Hepatitis E is inflammation of the liver caused by infection with the hepatitis E virus. [1][2] It is one of five known human hepatitis viruses: A, B, C, D, and E. HEV is a positive-sense, single-stranded, nonenveloped, RNA icosahedral virus. HEV has mainly a fecal-oral transmission route. [3][4][5] Infection with this virus was first documented in 1955 during an outbreak in New Delhi, India [6]. A preventive vaccine (HEV 239) is approved for use in China. [7] Although hepatitis E often causes an acute and self-limiting infection (the viral infection is temporary and the individual recovers) with low death rates in the western world, it bears a high risk of developing chronic hepatitis in people with a weakened immune system with substantially higher death rates. Organ transplant recipients who receive medications to weaken the immune system and prevent organ rejection are thought to be the main population at risk for chronic hepatitis E. [8]. Hepatitis E infection has a clinical course comparable to hepatitis A, but in pregnant women, the disease is more often severe and is associated with a clinical syndrome called fulminant liver failure. Pregnant women, especially those in the third trimester, have a higher rate of death from the disease of around 20%. [9][10][4] In total there are 8 genotypes; genotypes 3 and 4 cause chronic hepatitis in the immunosuppressed. [11][12] Hepatitis E incidence in 2017 was more than 19 million. [13] Signs and symptoms Acute infection The incubation period of hepatitis E varies from 3 to 8 weeks. After a short prodromal phase symptoms lasting from days to weeks follow. They may include jaundice, fatigue, and nausea, though the majority of HEV infections are asymptomatic. The symptomatic phase coincides with elevated hepatic aminotransferase levels. [14][15]

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Systematic review with meta‐analysis: the association between hepatitis E seroprevalence and haemodialysis

Cited by 26 publications

References 49 publications

Prevalence of active hepatitis E virus infection and efficacy of ribavirin treatment in renal allograft recipients

Prevalence of active hepatitis E virus infection and efficacy of ribavirin treatment in renal allograft recipients

Acute liver failure caused by hepatitis E virus genotype 3 and 4: A systematic review and pooled analysis

Hepatitis E

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