Systematic review on urinary continence rates after robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy

Abstract

Objective The objective was to investigate the current evidence and discern urinary continence rates post robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RALP). Methods A systematic review of the literature was carried out, searching the Embase, Scopus and PubMed databases between 1 January 2000 and 1 May 2020. The search terms “Robotic prostatectomy AND continence” were employed. Articles were selected in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Statistical analysis was performed using the programme R; cumulative analysis of percentage of men continent was calculated. Results A total of 3101 abstracts and 50 full text articles were assessed, with 22 publications included (n = 2813 patients). There were 21 randomised controlled trials and one partly randomised controlled trial with four publications comparing RALP to other prostate cancer treatments. Thirteen studies explored different RALP techniques, and five studies examined vesicourethral anastomosis (VUA). There were statistically significant improvements in early urinary continence rates in three studies analysing reconstructive techniques (83% vs 60%, p = 0.04; 26.5% vs 15.4%, p = 0.016; 77% vs 44.1%, p ≤ 0.001). Long-term continence rates were not significantly improved across all studies assessing reconstruction. One study comparing RALP vs laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP) demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in continence at 3 months (80% vs 73.3%, p < 0.001); 6 months (83.3% vs 81.4%, p < 0.001); 12 months (95% vs 83.3%, p < 0.001) and 24 months (96.7% vs 85%, p < 0.001). Early continence was less favourable for RALP when compared to brachytherapy (BT) patients at 3 months (86% vs 98.7%, p < 0.05) and 6 months (90.5% vs 98.7%, p < 0.05). Conclusion Early continence rates were improved across numerous techniques in RALP. These results were not translated into significantly improved long-term outcomes. Continence rates following RALP were favourable compared to LRP, similar to ORP and less favourable compared to BT. Our findings suggest that post-RALP continence can be further improved with alterations in robotic technique.

Urinary Incontinence Following Robotic-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy: A Literature Review

“…Surgical treatments for prostate cancer are not free of adverse events. Recent systematic reviews of observational studies have hinted that RARP may result in lower occurrences of urinary incontinence compared to laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP), similar to retropubic radical prostatectomy (RRP), and a higher occurrence compared to brachytherapy (BT) [9]. The ProtecT, which is a randomized controlled trial (RCT) by Barry et al comparing urinary incontinence between RARP and RRP on a nationwide sample of Medicare-age men, showed that 31% had problems with continence, varying from mild to severe stress urinary incontinence (SUI), and 88% had problems with sexual dysfunction.…”

Precise Prediction of Long-Term Urinary Incontinence after Robot-Assisted Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy by Readily Accessible “Everyday” Diagnostics during Post-Surgical Hospitalization

“…Urinary incontinence (UI) after robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RALP) is a feared side effect after potentially curative surgical treatment of prostate cancer (PCa) [ 1 , 2 ].…”