Systematic Review on Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles and Antibacterial Activities: Application and Theoretical Perspectives

Abstract

The biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles and the antibacterial activities has provided enormous data on populations, geographical areas, and experiments with bio silver nanoparticles’ antibacterial operation. Several peer-reviewed publications have discussed various aspects of this subject field over the last generation. However, there is an absence of a detailed and structured framework that can represent the research domain on this topic. This paper attempts to evaluate current articles mainly on the biosynthesis of nanoparticles or antibacterial activities utilizing the scientific methodology of big data analytics. A comprehensive study was done using multiple databases—Medline, Scopus, and Web of Sciences through PRISMA (i.e., Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses). The keywords used included ‘biosynthesis silver nano particles’ OR ‘silver nanoparticles’ OR ‘biosynthesis’ AND ‘antibacterial behavior’ OR ‘anti-microbial opposition’ AND ‘systematic analysis,’ by using MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) terms, Boolean operator’s parenthesis, or truncations as required. Since their effectiveness is dependent on particle size or initial concentration, it necessitates more research. Understanding the field of silver nanoparticle biosynthesis and antibacterial activity in Gulf areas and most Asian countries also necessitates its use of human-generated data. Furthermore, the need for this work has been highlighted by the lack of predictive modeling in this field and a need to combine specific domain expertise. Studies eligible for such a review were determined by certain inclusion and exclusion criteria. This study contributes to the existence of theoretical and analytical studies in this domain. After testing as per inclusion criteria, seven in vitro studies were selected out of 28 studies. Findings reveal that silver nanoparticles have different degrees of antimicrobial activity based on numerous factors. Limitations of the study include studies with low to moderate risks of bias and antimicrobial effects of silver nanoparticles. The study also reveals the possible use of silver nanoparticles as antibacterial irrigants using various methods, including a qualitative evaluation of knowledge and a comprehensive collection and interpretation of scientific studies.

Recent Advances and Mechanistic Insights into Antibacterial Activity, Antibiofilm Activity, and Cytotoxicity of Silver Nanoparticles

“…Numerous review articles based on the antibacterial activity of AgNPs were published previously. − There are several shortcomings and gaps in these review articles (see Table ). Most articles report the synthesis, antimicrobial activity, and brief discussion of factors affecting the antimicrobial activity of AgNPs. − ,, Some review articles report cytotoxicity of AgNPs accompanying synthesis and antimicrobial activity. ,,,, One review article reports the synthesis, antimicrobial activity, antibiofilm activity (in brief), and cytotoxicity of AgNPs . However, this review article does not report antimicrobial photodynamic therapy and insights related to the role of AgNPs versus the role of silver ions in antibacterial activity.…”

“…[100][101][102][103]106,107 Some review articles report cytotoxicity of AgNPs accompanying synthesis and antimicrobial activ- ity. 99,100,103,105,108 One review article reports the synthesis, antimicrobial activity, antibiofilm activity (in brief), and cytotoxicity of AgNPs. 103 However, this review article does not report antimicrobial photodynamic therapy and insights related to the role of AgNPs versus the role of silver ions in antibacterial activity.…”

Synthesis of cationic β-cyclodextrin functionalized silver nanoparticles and their drug-loading applications

“…1–3 Among them, metal nanomaterials such as silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been widely investigated and employed in antibacterial, anticancer therapeutics, diagnostics, drug delivery, biosensing, and other clinical/pharmaceutical applications owing to their small particle size and large surface area. 4–6 Considering the potential application of AgNPs, the preparation of AgNPs has attracted significant attention in recent decades. 7 It has been found that the biological and chemical properties of AgNPs are related to a series of parameters including size, shape, and stability, which depend mainly on the methodology and conditions.…”

Impact of temperature and pH on antioxidant activity of green silver nanoparticles fabricated from Ananas comosus peel extracts

“…Biological methods are less pricey, less toxicity and sustainable for biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles from various microorganisms and plants [8]. Large scale production, easiness, economically feasible nature, and eco-friendliness equaled to the other prevailing approaches such as using fungi and bacteria which would not be possible with the controversial conventional ways for the production of nanoparticles [9].…”