Systematic Review of Yoga and Balance: Effect on Adults With Neuromuscular Impairment

Green, Ellen; Huynh, Annette; Broussard, Lori; Zunker, Brady; Matthews, J. Hunter; Hilton, Claudia; Aranha, Karen

doi:10.5014/ajot.2019.028944

“…Although a previous meta-analysis revealed no effects of yoga on global cognitive function [ 14 ], our meta-analysis provides evidence of higher ES for EF from the prescription of both Tai Chi and yoga in older populations. This is an important finding with regard to exercise training interventions, because Tai Chi and yoga have been described as being more suitable than some other types of exercise for older adults because of the emphasis on slow controlled movements that result in a minimal risk of injury [ 53 , 54 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Exercise Training Interventions on Executive Function in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Chen

¹

,

Etnier

²

,

Chan

³

et al. 2020

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Background Chronic exercise training has been shown be to positively associated with executive function (EF) in older adults. However, whether the exercise training effect on EF is affected by moderators including the specific sub-domain of EF, exercise prescription variables, and sample characteristics remains unknown. Objectives This systematic and meta-analytic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigated the effects of exercise training on EF in older adults and explored potential moderators underlying the effects of exercise training on EF. Methods In accordance with the PRISMA guidelines, the electronic databases MEDLINE (PubMed) and EMBASE (Scopus) were searched from January 2003 to November 2019. All studies identified for inclusion were peer-reviewed and published in English. To be included, studies had to report findings from older (> 55 years old), cognitively normal adults or adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) randomized to an exercise training or a control group. The risk of bias in each study was appraised using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. Fixed-effects models were used to compare the effects of exercise training and control conditions on EF assessed at baseline and post-intervention. In addition, subgroup analyses were performed for three moderators (i.e., the specific sub-domain of EF, exercise prescription variables, and sample characteristics). Results Thirty-three RCTs were included. Overall, exercise training was associated with a significant small improvement in EF [Q(106) = 260.09, Hedges’ g = 0.21; p < 0.01]. The EF sub-domain moderator was not significant [Q(2) = 4.33, p > 0.05], showing that the EF improvement in response to exercise is evident for measures of inhibition, updating, and shifting. Regarding exercise prescription variables, results were significantly moderated by frequency of exercise training [Q(1) = 10.86, p < 0.05], revealing that effect sizes (ESs) were larger for moderate frequency (g = 0.31) as compared to low frequency exercise (g = 0.15). The results also showed type of exercise training moderated the ESs [Q(4) = 26.18, p < 0.05], revealing that ESs were largest for other forms of exercise (g = 0.44), followed by Tai Chi and yoga (g = 0.38), resistance exercise (g = 0.22), aerobic exercise (g = 0.14), and combined exercise (g = 0.10). In addition, The results showed moderated length of training the ESs [Q(2) = 16.64, p < 0.05], revealing that ESs were largest for short length (g = 0.32), followed by mid length (g = 0.26) and long length (g = 0.09). No significant difference in effects was observed as a function of exercise intensity [Q(1) = 2.87 p > 0.05] and session time [Q(2) = 0.21, p > 0.05]. Regarding sample characteristics, the results were significantly moderated by age [Q(2) = 20.64, p < 0.05], with significant benefits for young-old (55–65 years old) (g = 0.30) and mid-old (66–75 years old) (g = 0.25), but no effect on EF for old-old (more than 75 years old). The results were also significantly moderated by physical fitness levels [Q(1) = 10.80, p < 0.05], revealing that ESs were larger for sedentary participants (g = 0.33) as compared to physically fit participants (g = 0.16). In addition, results were also significantly moderated by cognitive status [Q(1) = 11.44, p < 0.05], revealing that ESs were larger for participants with cognitively normal (g = 0.26) as compared to those with mild cognitive impairment (g = 0.08). No significant differences in effects were observed as a function of sex [Q(2) = 5.38, p > 0.05]. Conclusions Exercise training showed a small beneficial effect on EF in older adults and the magnitude of the effect was different across some moderators.

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“…Although recent studies have reviewed the efficacy of yoga in the treatment of PD [6][7][8], a comprehensive view with regard to its therapeutic effects has not been reported. Some randomized clinical trials (RCTs) have evaluated the impact of yoga on motor as well as nonmotor function in PD, but the results were controversial.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Yoga on Patients with Parkinson’s Disease: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Ban

¹

,

Yue

²

,

Dou

³

et al. 2021

Behavioural Neurology

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Background and Purpose. The manifestations of motor and nonmotor dysfunctions in Parkinson’s disease (PD), which are intimately connected, have been shown to reduce quality of life (QoL). It has been demonstrated that yoga could benefit PD patients. However, there was no consensus on the impact of yoga on PD. This meta-analysis is aimed at investigating the effects of yoga intervention on motor function, nonmotor function, and QoL in patients with PD. Methods. A meta-analysis was conducted by systematically searching PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases till August 2020 for studies published in English. The reference lists of eligible studies were also searched. The motor symptoms (UPDRS-Part III), balance function (BBS and BESTest), functional mobility (TUG), anxiety (HADS and BAI), depression (HADS and BDI), and the quality of life (PDQ-39 and PDQ-8) were the primary evaluation indexes. Results. Ten studies including 359 participants were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled results showed significant difference between the yoga training group and the control group. Patients in the yoga training group had better functional outcomes in terms of motor status ( MD = − 5.64 ; 95% CI, -8.57 to -2.7), balance function ( SMD = 0.42 ; 95% CI, 0.08 to 0.77), functional mobility ( MD = − 1.71 ; 95% CI, -2.58 to -0.84), anxiety scale scores ( SMD = − 0.72 ; 95% CI, -1.01 to -0.43), depression scale scores ( SMD = − 0.92 ; 95% CI, -1.22 to -0.62), and QoL ( SMD = − 0.54 ; 95% CI, -0.97 to -0.11). Conclusion. Our pooled results showed the benefits of yoga in improving motor function, balance, functional mobility, reducing anxiety and depression, and increasing QoL in PD patients.

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“…For example, none of the included studies involved populations of individuals with neurological conditions or balance impairments. This differs from the body of literature investigating in-person yoga, which shows a large body of studies investigating yoga in these individuals [ 33 , 34 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Remote Delivery of Yoga Interventions Through Technology: Scoping Review

James-Palmer¹,

Anderson²,

Daneault³

2022

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Background The popularity of yoga and the understanding of its potential health benefits have recently increased. Unfortunately, not everyone can easily engage in in-person yoga classes. Over the past decade, the use of remotely delivered yoga has increased in real-world applications. However, the state of the related scientific literature is unclear. Objective This scoping review aimed to identify gaps in the literature related to the remote delivery of yoga interventions, including gaps related to the populations studied, the yoga intervention characteristics (delivery methods and intervention components implemented), the safety and feasibility of the interventions, and the preliminary efficacy of the interventions. Methods This scoping review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Item for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews) guidelines. Scientific databases were searched throughout April 2021 for experimental studies involving yoga delivered through technology. Eligibility was assessed through abstract and title screening and a subsequent full-article review. The included articles were appraised for quality, and data were extracted from each article. Results A total of 12 studies of weak to moderate quality were included. Populations varied in physical and mental health status. Of the 12 studies, 10 (83%) implemented asynchronous delivery methods (via prerecorded material), 1 (8%) implemented synchronous delivery methods (through videoconferencing), and 1 (8%) did not clearly describe the delivery method. Yoga interventions were heterogeneous in style and prescribed dose but primarily included yoga intervention components of postures, breathing, and relaxation and meditation. Owing to the heterogeneous nature of the included studies, conclusive findings regarding the preliminary efficacy of the interventions could not be ascertained. Conclusions Several gaps in the literature were identified. Overall, this review showed that more attention needs to be paid to yoga intervention delivery methods while designing studies and developing interventions. Decisions regarding delivery methods should be justified and not made arbitrarily. Studies of high methodological rigor and robust reporting are needed.

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Systematic Review of Yoga and Balance: Effect on Adults With Neuromuscular Impairment

Cited by 28 publications

References 37 publications

Effects of Exercise Training Interventions on Executive Function in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Effects of Exercise Training Interventions on Executive Function in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

The Effects of Yoga on Patients with Parkinson’s Disease: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Remote Delivery of Yoga Interventions Through Technology: Scoping Review

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