Systematic review of visual illusions in schizophrenia

Costa, Ana Beatriz; Costa, Dorcas Lamounier; Pessoa, Valdir Filgueiras; Caixeta, Fábio Viegas; Maior, Rafael S.

doi:10.1016/j.schres.2022.12.030

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…There is a voluminous literature on the topic of resistance to visual illusions in people with schizophrenia. The interested reader is referred to reviews by Notredame et al (2014) , King et al (2017) , and Costa et al (2023) . It is evident that further research is needed to resolve some contradictory data and competing explanations, but there is robust agreement that people with schizophrenia are less susceptible than controls to visual illusions, most notably to the Müller-Lyer, Ebbinghaus, and hollow mask illusions.…”

Section: Models Of Psychosis and Models Of Dreamsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meaningfulness and attachment: what dreams, psychosis and psychedelic states tell us about our need for connection

Fischman

2024

Front. Psychol.

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The human need to find meaning in life and the human need for connection may be two sides of the same coin, a coin forged in the developmental crucible of attachment. Our need for meaningfulness can be traced to our developmental need for connection in the attachment relationship. The free energy principle dictates that in order to resist a natural tendency towards disorder self-organizing systems must generate models that predict the hidden causes of phenomenal experience. In other words, they must make sense of things. In both an evolutionary and ontogenetic sense, the narrative self develops as a model that makes sense of experience. However, the self-model skews the interpretation of experience towards that which is predictable, or already “known.” One may say it causes us to “take things personally.” Meaning is felt more acutely when defenses are compromised, when the narrative self is offline. This enables meaning-making that is less egocentrically motivated. Dreams, psychosis, and psychedelic states offer glimpses of how we make sense of things absent a coherent narrative self. This has implications for the way we understand such states, and lays bare the powerful reach of attachment in shaping what we experience as meaningful.

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Section: Models Of Psychosis and Models Of Dreamsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meaningfulness and attachment: what dreams, psychosis and psychedelic states tell us about our need for connection

Fischman

2024

Front. Psychol.

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“…Individuals with the disorder may struggle with tasks that require visual organization and integration, such as identifying faces or objects in complex visual scenes [ 43 , 44 ]. They may also have difficulties with optical illusions, perceiving ambiguous figures, or discriminating between similar shapes or patterns [ 45 ]. These motion and form perception abnormalities in schizophrenia are thought to be related to underlying neurobiological and cognitive impairments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Motion and Form Perception in Childhood-Onset Schizophrenia

Kéri,

Kelemen

2024

Pediatric Reports

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(1) Background: Childhood-onset schizophrenia (COS) is a rare type of psychotic disorder characterized by delusions, hallucinations, grossly disorganized behavior, and poor psychosocial functioning. The etiology of COS is unknown, but neurodevelopmental factors are likely to play a critical role. A potential neurodevelopmental anomaly marker is the dorsal visual system dysfunction, which is implicated in motion perception, spatial functions, and attention. (2) Methods: To elucidate the role of the dorsal visual system in COS, we investigated 21 patients with COS and 21 control participants matched for age, sex, education, IQ, and parental socioeconomic status. Participants completed a motion and form coherence task, during which one assesses an individual’s ability to detect the direction of motion within a field of moving elements or dots and to recognize a meaningful form or object from a set of fragmented or disconnected visual elements, respectively. (3) Results: The patients with COS were impaired in both visual tasks compared to the control participants, but the evidence for the deficit was more substantial for motion perception than for form perception (form: BF10 = 27.22; motion: BF10 = 6.97 × 106). (4) Conclusions: These results highlight the importance of dorsal visual stream vulnerability in COS, a potential marker of neurodevelopmental anomalies.

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“…Visual illusions (VIs) occur when the configuration of a stimulus causes the viewer to incorrectly perceive relationships between its parts ( Notredame et al, 2014 ). VIs have been widely used as a tool to investigate how visual perception develops (e.g., Doherty et al, 2010 ) and the impact of neuropsychological disorders such as schizophrenia (for a review see King et al, 2016 ; Costa et al, 2023 ) and autism (for a review see Gori et al, 2016 ). Although impairment of visual perception (e.g., hallucinations) is now well established in Parkinson’s disorder (PD) ( Sauerbier and Ray Chaudhuri, 2013 ; Weil et al, 2016 ; Nieto-Escamez et al, 2023 ), research has yet to investigate how PD affects susceptibility to VIs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Susceptibility to geometrical visual illusions in Parkinson’s disorder

Wincza,

Hartley,

Readman

et al. 2024

Front. Psychol.

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Parkinson’s disorder (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder affecting approximately 1–3% of the population aged 60 years and older. In addition to motor difficulties, PD is also marked by visual disturbances, including depth perception, abnormalities in basal ganglia functioning, and dopamine deficiency. Reduced ability to perceive depth has been linked to an increased risk of falling in this population. The purpose of this paper was to determine whether disturbances in PD patients’ visual processing manifest through atypical performance on visual illusion (VI) tasks. This insight will advance understanding of high-level perception in PD, as well as indicate the role of dopamine deficiency and basal ganglia pathophysiology in VIs susceptibility. Groups of 28 PD patients (Mage = 63.46, SD = 7.55) and 28 neurotypical controls (Mage = 63.18, SD = 9.39) matched on age, general cognitive abilities (memory, numeracy, attention, language), and mood responded to Ebbinghaus, Ponzo, and Müller-Lyer illusions in a computer-based task. Our results revealed no reliable differences in VI susceptibility between PD and neurotypical groups. In the early- to mid-stage of PD, abnormalities of the basal ganglia and dopamine deficiency are unlikely to be involved in top-down processing or depth perception, which are both thought to be related to VI susceptibility. Furthermore, depth-related issues experienced by PD patients (e.g., increased risk for falling) may not be subserved by the same cognitive mechanisms as VIs. Further research is needed to investigate if more explicit presentations of illusory depth are affected in PD, which might help to understand the depth processing deficits in PD.

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Systematic review of visual illusions in schizophrenia

Cited by 6 publications

References 75 publications

Meaningfulness and attachment: what dreams, psychosis and psychedelic states tell us about our need for connection

Meaningfulness and attachment: what dreams, psychosis and psychedelic states tell us about our need for connection

Motion and Form Perception in Childhood-Onset Schizophrenia

Susceptibility to geometrical visual illusions in Parkinson’s disorder

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