Systematic Review of the Efficiency of Aquatic Plants in the Wastewater Treatment

Abstract

Wastewater treatment uses a phytoremediation strategy that sets significant trends according to recent research from the 2019-2021 period, being one of the most efficient strategies regarding the removal of pollutants using artificial wetlands with aquatic plants. Therefore, the objective of the review article is to determine the efficiency of the aquatic plant in the phytoremediation process for the treatment of industrial, domestic, and municipal wastewater through a systematic mapping method that allows us to summarize the theoretical framework avoiding. The exclusions also have a comparative descriptive design for the study variables where it has been found that Eichhornia Crassipes is an aquatic weed that removed NO2- and NO3- up to 93% of industrial wastewater, in Pistia stratiotes it removed Turbidity (98.5%), N total (100%), P total (100%) and COD (79.18%) in household wastewater in 60 days. Finally, Azolla Filiculoides removed SO4 2- (83%), Cl (76%), PO4 3- (84%), NO3- (76%), COD (79%), BOD (63%) and EC (49%) from municipal wastewater in 21 days.

Analyzing The Efficacy of <em>Salvinia molesta</em> and <em>Pistia stratiotes</em> as Phytoremediation Agent for Heavy Metals

“…Research suggests that aquatic macrophytes efficient at wastewater treatment in comparison to terrestrial plants due to their rapid growth, increased biomass production, greater capacity for absorbing pollutants, and their ability to enhance purification when in direct contact with contaminated water, as observed in the study by Wickramasinghe and Jayawardana, 2018. These aquatic plants are essential components of freshwater ecosystems as they provide food, shelter, structure, and coverage for a variety of terrestrial and aquatic animal species (Seguil et al, 2022). In the context of phytoremediation, free-floating aquatic plants are considered more suitable due to their ready availability, high productivity, and their capacity to store and harvest pollutants (Mustafa and Hayder, 2021).…”

“…Phytoremediation encompasses a series of techniques, including rhizosphere biodegradation, phytostabilization, phytoextraction, rhizofiltration, phytovolatilization, phytodegradation, and hydraulic control (Balamoorthy et al, 2022). This technique makes use of the organic and inorganic pollutants that macrophytes and the microbial rhizosphere flora of their roots naturally break down and sequester (Seguil et al, 2022).…”

“…Phytoremediation technology involves the direct use of different plant species to absorb, gather, detoxify, and neutralize contaminants in soils, sediments, wastewater, surface water, or groundwater, employing physical, chemical, and biological processes (Roy et al, 2018;Seguil et al, 2022). This approach not only helps protect the environment but also does so in a cost-effective manner, as noted by Lakshmi et al in 2017. Many plants previously recognized for their remarkable ability to absorb and store diverse toxic metals are currently under assessment for their involvement in the process of phytoremediation, which aims to purify soils and water contaminated with trace elements (Balamoorthy et al, 2022).…”

“…This approach not only helps protect the environment but also does so in a cost-effective manner, as noted by Lakshmi et al in 2017. Many plants previously recognized for their remarkable ability to absorb and store diverse toxic metals are currently under assessment for their involvement in the process of phytoremediation, which aims to purify soils and water contaminated with trace elements (Balamoorthy et al, 2022). Plant roots absorb pollutants, which accumulate in bodily tissues before gradually decomposing into less harmful forms (Seguil et al, 2022).…”

“…Terrestrial plants play a vital role in purifying both contaminated soil and water by accumulating heavy metals in their tissues, as demonstrated by Balamoorthy et al, 2022. In the case of aquatic phytoremediation plants, which are components of aquatic treatment systems, their primary goal is to eliminate pollutants from wastewater by utilizing naturally or artificially moist soils (Seguil et al, 2022). These aquatic plants effectively remove pollutants like heavy metals, organic and inorganic contaminants, and pharmaceutical residues from various sources of wastewater, including industrial, domestic, and agricultural sources (Mustafa and Hayder, 2021).…”