Systematic review of the effectiveness of community pharmacy-based interventions to reduce risk behaviours and risk factors for coronary heart disease

Blenkinsopp, Alison; Anderson, Claire; Armstrong, Miriam

doi:10.1093/pubmed/fdg030

Cited by 137 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The aforementioned Iranian study showed that although two-third of the participants believed that well-trained pharmacists can effectively deliver such services in community pharmacies, cholesterol screening services were rarely provided in Iranian community pharmacies. In contrast to these findings, pharmacists in developed countries have been involved in cholesterol screening and cardiovascular risk assessment for decades (Blenkinsopp et al, 2003;Bluml et al, 2000). That …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Knowledge, attitude and practice of community pharmacists in relation to cholesterol screening in Delta State, Nigeria

Adje¹,

Arute²,

Adarighofua³

2017

Afr. J. Pharm. Pharmacol.

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Elevated level of cholesterol is a risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease. Community pharmacies are considered as ideal settings to provide screening services for chronic medical conditions. An adequate knowledge and a positive attitude towards cholesterol screening would increase pharmacist's involvement in cholesterol lowering interventions and referrals. The objective of this study was to assess community pharmacists' knowledge, attitude and resource availability in relation to cholesterol screening in Delta State, Nigeria. A 33 item pre tested self-administered questionnaire with a Cronbach's alpha value of 0.628 was distributed to all 160 community pharmacists in Delta State. The questionnaire items assessed knowledge, attitude and available resources in relation to cholesterol screening. Categorical data was expressed as frequency and percentages. Chi-square test was performed to explore relationship between demographic variables and pharmacist's knowledge. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. More than half (64.7%) of community pharmacist were knowledgeable in relation to cholesterol and its influence on cardiovascular diseases. Cholesterol screening services were provided by only 11.3% community pharmacies in Delta State. Majority (82%) were willing to be trained in the use of cholesterol meter. Nearly half, 42.9% had a negative attitude towards cholesterol screening. Pharmacist's knowledge about cholesterol and its influence in cardiovascular diseases was satisfactory. However, attitude towards cholesterol screening was largely negative and provision of such services was very low.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Knowledge, attitude and practice of community pharmacists in relation to cholesterol screening in Delta State, Nigeria

Adje¹,

Arute²,

Adarighofua³

2017

Afr. J. Pharm. Pharmacol.

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“…Community pharmacists routinely provide drug use advice and compatibility checks within drug regimens, but they are also able to supply patient education and basic clinical monitoring for several chronic conditions [1,2]. As drug specialists, they can optimise drug safety and efficiency and contain drug costs by analysing drug regimens and detecting adherence issues [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. Therefore, a pharmaceutical service termed Medication Review (MR) service has been implemented in several countries [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between drug-related problems and health outcomes: a cross-sectional study among cardiovascular patients

Niquille

Bugnon

2010

Pharm World Sci

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“…8 Community pharmacies are a good potential site for identifying cardiovascular risk factors and improving disease detection, 9 including identifying people with hypertension, because of their accessibility and because many pharmacies provide free access to BP monitors. Pharmacists have been involved in successful community-based screening programmes developed to improve detection and treatment of hypertension, both in the UK and worldwide.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accuracy of monitors used for blood pressure checks in English retail pharmacies: a cross-sectional observational study

Hodgkinson¹,

Koshiaris

Martin

et al. 2016

Br J Gen Pract

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BackgroundFree blood pressure (BP) checks offered by community pharmacies provide a potentially useful opportunity to diagnose and/or manage hypertension, but the accuracy of the sphygmomanometers in use is currently unknown.AimTo assess the accuracy of validated automatic BP monitors used for BP checks in a UK retail pharmacy chain.Design and settingCross-sectional, observational study in 52 pharmacies from one chain in a range of locations (inner city, suburban, and rural) in central England.MethodMonitor accuracy was compared with a calibrated reference device (Omron PA-350), at 50 mmHg intervals across the range 0–300 mmHg (static pressure test), with a difference from the reference monitor of +/− 3 mmHg at any interval considered a failure. The results were analysed by usage rates and length of time in service.ResultsOf 61 BP monitors tested, eight (13%) monitors failed (that is, were >3 mmHg from reference), all of which underestimated BP. Monitor failure rate from the reference monitor of +/− 3 mmHg at any testing interval varied by length of time in use (2/38, 5% <18 months; 4/14, 29% >18 months,P= 0.038) and to some extent, but non-significantly, by usage rates (4/22, 18% in monitors used more than once daily; 2/33, 6% in those used less frequently,P= 0.204).ConclusionBP monitors within a pharmacy setting fail at similar rates to those in general practice. Annual calibration checks for blood pressure monitors are needed, even for new monitors, as these data indicate declining performance from 18 months onwards.

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Systematic review of the effectiveness of community pharmacy-based interventions to reduce risk behaviours and risk factors for coronary heart disease

Cited by 137 publications

References 17 publications

Knowledge, attitude and practice of community pharmacists in relation to cholesterol screening in Delta State, Nigeria

Knowledge, attitude and practice of community pharmacists in relation to cholesterol screening in Delta State, Nigeria

Relationship between drug-related problems and health outcomes: a cross-sectional study among cardiovascular patients

Accuracy of monitors used for blood pressure checks in English retail pharmacies: a cross-sectional observational study

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