Systematic Review of the Effect on Caries of Sugars Intake: Ten-Year Update

Moores, Carly; Kelly, Sarah; Moynihan, Paula

doi:10.1177/00220345221082918

Cited by 32 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…On one hand, both childhood obesity and dental caries are more frequent among poorer families [ 2 , 10 ]. On the other hand, sugar intake is an established behavioural determinant of both obesity and caries in childhood and adulthood [ 11 , 12 ]. The reviews also identified large heterogeneity between the primary studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship between Obesity and Childhood Dental Caries in the United States

Piovesan

Leal

Bernabé

2022

IJERPH

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Background: Childhood obesity and dental caries are prevalent chronic, multifactorial conditions with adverse health consequences and considerable healthcare costs. The aims of this study were: (1) to evaluate the relationship between obesity and dental caries among young children using multiple definitions for both conditions, and (2) to evaluate the role of family socioeconomic status (SES) and the child’s intake of added sugars in explaining this association. Methods: Data from 2775 2–5-year-olds children from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011–2018 were analysed. Three different international standards were used to define obesity, namely the World Health Organization (WHO), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF). Dental caries was measured during clinical examinations and summarised as counts (dt and dft scores) and prevalence (untreated caries [dt > 0] and caries experience [dft > 0]). The association of obesity with dental caries was assessed in regression models controlling for demographic factors, family SES and child’s intake of added sugars. Results: In crude models, obesity was associated with greater dt scores when using the IOTF standards (RR: 2.43, 95% CI: 1.11, 5.29) but not when using the WHO and CDC standards; obesity was associated with greater dft scores when using the WHO (1.57, 95%CI: 1.11–2.22), CDC (1.70, 95%CI: 1.17–2.46) and IOTF standards (2.43, 95%CI: 1.73–3.42); obesity was associated with lifetime caries prevalence when using the WHO (1.55, 95%CI: 1.05–2.29), CDC (1.73, 95%CI: 1.14–2.62) and IOTF standards (2.45, 95%CI: 1.61–3.71), but not with untreated caries prevalence. These associations were fully attenuated after controlling for demographic factors, family SES and child’s intake of added sugars. Conclusions: The relationship between obesity and dental caries in primary teeth varied based on the definition of obesity and dental caries used. Associations were observed when obesity was defined using the IOTF standards and dental caries was defined using lifetime indicators. Associations were fully attenuated after adjusting for well-known determinants of both conditions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship between Obesity and Childhood Dental Caries in the United States

Piovesan

Leal

Bernabé

2022

IJERPH

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“…22 Several systematic reviews have recently been updated and published in dentistry encompassing a wide range of topics that shed light and impact clinical practices. [23][24][25][26] Even the Cochrane collaboration supports the updating of systematic reviews and provides guidelines for updating. 21 This updated systematic review provides promising data to the clinician to utilize pterygoid implants as a favorable alternative to sinus floor augmentation or zygomatic implants, both of which are more invasive, expensive, and may risk compromising sinus health.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Updating systematic reviews is generally more efficient than starting all over again when new evidence emerges 22 . Several systematic reviews have recently been updated and published in dentistry encompassing a wide range of topics that shed light and impact clinical practices 23–26 . Even the Cochrane collaboration supports the updating of systematic reviews and provides guidelines for updating 21 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implants in the pterygoid region: An updated systematic review of modern roughened surface implants

Peña‐Cardelles

Iverson

2022

Journal of Prosthodontics

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Purpose To determine the survival rates of modern roughened surface dental implants in the pterygoid region. Methods This systematic review was an update from a previously published systematic review in 2011, which largely reported data on older machined surface dental implants. An electronic search for articles in the English language literature published from January 1, 2010 to December 8, 2021 was performed using PubMed, Scopus, and CENTRAL search engines. After applying a systematic search process in three stages, the final list of selected articles on roughened surface pterygoid implants was obtained. Data from the selected articles were collated with data from pertinent articles on roughened implant surface from the previous systematic review. The combined data were then used for calculating the interval survival rate and cumulative survival rate (CSR) of pterygoid implants. Results The initial electronic search resulted in 1263 titles. The systematic search process eventually resulted in 10 clinical studies reporting on modern roughened surface pterygoid implants. These 10 studies reported on a total of 911 pterygoid implants with 39 reported failures over a 6‐year period. The majority of failures (37) were reported during the first year time interval and a majority of them (30) occurred before loading of the pterygoid implants. Only two late failures were reported after loading, during the sixth‐year time interval. The majority of implants were used for rehabilitation of full‐arch fixed implant‐supported prosthesis. At the maximum follow‐up interval of 6 years, the CSR of pterygoid implants with roughened surfaces was 95.5%, which was 5% higher than reported in the previous systematic review which combined machined and roughed surface pterygoid implants. Conclusions The survival rate of modern roughened surface dental implants in the pterygoid region is favorable at 95.5% over a 6‐year period, and comparable to the existing evidence on survival of implants in other regions of the maxilla and mandible.

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“…In the development of public sugar reduction strategies and intake guidelines, oral diseases have played a role because of the causal and well-researched relationship between sugar intake and dental caries (Moores et al, 2022;Moynihan, 2016;World Health Organization, 2015). However, the literature behind these recommendations does not mention periodontal diseases such as gingival inflammation (Moores et al, 2022;Moynihan, 2016). This lack of mention of periodontal diseases in WHO publications deserves scrutiny, as there are some studies providing evidence that sugar consumption is also associated with gingival inflammation and dental plaque formation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Free sugars and gingival inflammation: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Woelber

Gebhardt

Hujoel

2023

J Clinic Periodontology

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AimConsumption of free sugars has been associated with chronic non‐communicable diseases. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of free‐sugar consumption on gingival inflammation using a systematic review and meta‐analysis based on the PICO question ‘What impact does the restriction of free sugars have on the inflammation of gingival tissue?’Materials and MethodsLiterature review and analyses were based on the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Controlled clinical studies reporting on free‐sugar interventions and gingival inflammation were included. Risk of bias was performed with ROBINS‐I and ROB‐2, and effect sizes were estimated with robust variance meta‐regressions.ResultsOf the 1777 primarily identified studies, 1768 were excluded, and 9 studies with 209 participants with gingival inflammation measures were included. Six of these studies reported on the dental plaque scores of 113 participants. Restriction of free sugars, when compared with no such restriction, was associated with statistically significantly improved gingival health scores (standard mean difference [SMD] = −0.92; 95% confidence interval [CI]: −1.43 to −0.42, p < .004; I2 [heterogeneity] = 46.8) and a trend towards lower dental plaque scores (SMD = −0.61; 95% CI: −1.28 to 0.05, p < .07; I2 = 41.3). The observed improvement of gingival inflammation scores with restricted consumption of free sugar was robust against various statistical imputations. No meta‐regression models were feasible because of the limited number of studies. The median publication year was 1982. Risk‐of‐bias analysis showed a moderate risk in all studies.ConclusionRestriction of free sugar was shown to be associated with reduced gingival inflammation. The systematic review was registered at PROSPERO (CRD 42020157914).

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Systematic Review of the Effect on Caries of Sugars Intake: Ten-Year Update

Cited by 32 publications

References 39 publications

The Relationship between Obesity and Childhood Dental Caries in the United States

The Relationship between Obesity and Childhood Dental Caries in the United States

Implants in the pterygoid region: An updated systematic review of modern roughened surface implants

Free sugars and gingival inflammation: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

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