Systematic review of population-based studies on the impact of images on UV attitudes and behaviours

McWhirter, Jennifer E.; Hoffman‐Goetz, Laurie

doi:10.1093/heapro/dat031

Cited by 33 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Compared with gain-framed messages, both loss-framed and balanced-framed messages had stronger effects for reducing IT behavioral intentions. This is consistent with recent studies showing that loss-framed messages have stronger effects than gain-framed messages for reducing IT behavioral intentions (Mays & Tercyak, 2015; Mays & Zhao, 2016) and research demonstrating that risk-based skin cancer prevention messaging is efficacious (McWhirter & Hoffman-Goetz, 2014; McWhirter & Hoffman-Goetz, 2015). The findings build from the existing evidence by demonstrating the potential value of balanced-framed messages consistent with the theoretical models guiding this study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…DHHS, 2014) and prior skin cancer prevention messaging research (McWhirter & Hoffman-Goetz, 2014; McWhirter & Hoffman-Goetz, 2015). Draft gain- and loss-framed messages were pre-tested in interviews with women meeting the same eligibility criteria for age and indoor tanning, revised according to their feedback, and tested in two prior experiments (Mays & Tercyak, 2015; Mays & Zhao, 2016; Mays et al, 2016).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is consistent with recent research on IT perceptions indicating that messaging conveying the risks of IT alone may not maximize the effects on behavior change (Carcioppolo, 2016). Finally, research also indicates visual imagery enhances the persuasive appeal of health messages for skin cancer prevention by increasing receptivity to the messages and eliciting an emotional response (McWhirter & Hoffman-Goetz, 2012; McWhirter & Hoffman-Goetz, 2014; McWhirter & Hoffman-Goetz, 2015). Combined, the strategies of framing messaging around the risks of IT and benefits of IT avoidance and incorporating visual imagery may enhance the effects of messaging for IT prevention.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effects of Gain-, Loss-, and Balanced-Framed Messages for Preventing Indoor Tanning among Young Adult Women

Mays

Evans

2017

Journal of Health Communication

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Indoor tanning (IT) increases the risks of skin cancer, but evidence on how to design health education messaging targeting IT among young adult women remains limited. This study investigated the effects of theory-guided gain-, loss-, and balanced-framed IT prevention messages. Young adult women ages 18 to 30 who indoor tan (n = 552, mean age = 24.9 years [standard deviation = 3.1]) were recruited online, completed pre-exposure measures, and were randomized to view a gain-, loss-, or balanced-framed message. Participants completed post-exposure measures of message response (emotional response, message receptivity), IT risk (perceived severity, susceptibility) and efficacy (self-efficacy, perceived benefits of avoiding IT) beliefs, and IT behavioral intentions. Loss- and balanced-framed messages promoted significantly greater emotional response and message receptivity and lower IT behavioral intentions than gain-framed messages. The effects of loss- and balanced-framed messages on IT behavioral intentions were mediated by greater emotional response and message receptivity compared with the gain-framed message. These results can inform the development of public health education campaigns to prevent and reduce IT among young adult women. Future research can build from these findings by investigating additional message themes and tailoring strategies to maximize their effects, examining the effects of framed messages prospectively, and investigating ways to enhance message receptivity, such as through novel message delivery channels (e.g., mobile devices).

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effects of Gain-, Loss-, and Balanced-Framed Messages for Preventing Indoor Tanning among Young Adult Women

Mays

Evans

2017

Journal of Health Communication

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“…Our finding that loss-framed messages produce lower intentions to IT and greater intentions to quit IT compared with gain-framed messages is consistent with evidence indicating that persuasive messages conveying the risks of UV exposure using vivid imagery affect beliefs about skin cancer prevention and promote risk-reducing behavior (Mays & Tercyak, 2015; McWhirter & Hoffman-Goetz, 2013). …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

The influence of framed messages and self-affirmation on indoor tanning behavioral intentions in 18- to 30-year-old women.

Mays

Zhao²

2016

Health Psychology

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Objective To investigate the effects of gain- and loss-framed indoor tanning (IT) prevention messages among young adult women, and examine the potential moderating effect of self-affirmation. Methods Young adult women ages 18 to 30 who reported IT at least once in the past year (n = 475) participated in an online experiment. Participants first completed assessments of IT behavior and related constructs and were randomized to either a self-affirmation manipulation or control condition. Then, participants were randomized to either a gain-framed message emphasizing the benefits of avoiding IT or a loss-framed message emphasizing the risks of IT. Participants completed outcome measures of intentions to IT, intentions to quit IT, and emotional and cognitive responses to the framed messages. Results Compared with gain-framed messages, loss-framed messages led to weaker intentions to IT and stronger intentions to quit IT. Self-affirmation did not moderate message framing effects, but had a main effect increasing intentions to IT. Mediation analyses indicate that loss-framed messages affect IT behavioral intentions by increasing fear and self-affirmation may have increased intentions to IT by producing defensive reactions to the framed messages. Conclusions Loss-framed messages were more effective for reducing intentions to IT and promoting intentions to quit IT among young women after a brief exposure, and emotional response appears to be one pathway through which loss-framed messages affect behavioral outcomes. Messages emphasizing the risks of IT may be optimal as a public health intervention strategy. Unlike other behavioral domains, self-affirmation did not reduce defensive processing of loss-framed messages.

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“…Articles from magazines were included, but other print media or online content was not utilized. Although steps were taking to be as objective as possible, there is an inherent subjectivity in coding visual images; however, we felt it was important to include visual data given the influence of images on skin cancer knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors [17]. We also did not separate out article content on indoor tanning from outdoor tanning.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

North American Magazine Coverage of Skin Cancer and Recreational Tanning Before and After the WHO/IARC 2009 Classification of Indoor Tanning Devices as Carcinogenic

McWhirter

Hoffman‐Goetz

2014

J Canc Educ

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The mass media is an influential source of skin cancer information for the public. In 2009, the World Health Organization's International Agency for Research on Cancer classified UV radiation from tanning devices as carcinogenic. Our objective was to determine if media coverage of skin cancer and recreational tanning increased in volume or changed in nature after this classification. We conducted a directed content analysis on 29 North American popular magazines (2007-2012) to investigate the overall volume of articles on skin cancer and recreational tanning and, more specifically, the presence of skin cancer risk factors, UV behaviors, and early detection information in article text (n = 410) and images (n = 714). The volume of coverage on skin cancer and recreational tanning did not increase significantly after the 2009 classification of tanning beds as carcinogenic. Key-related messages, including that UV exposure is a risk factor for skin cancer and that indoor tanning should be avoided, were not reported more frequently after the classification, but the promotion of the tanned look as attractive was conveyed more often in images afterwards (p < .01). Content promoting high-SPF sunscreen use increased after the classification (p < .01), but there were no significant positive changes in the frequency of coverage of skin cancer risk factors, other UV behaviors, or early detection information over time. The classification of indoor tanning beds as carcinogenic had no significant impact on the volume or nature of skin cancer and recreational tanning coverage in magazines.

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Systematic review of population-based studies on the impact of images on UV attitudes and behaviours

Cited by 33 publications

References 36 publications

The Effects of Gain-, Loss-, and Balanced-Framed Messages for Preventing Indoor Tanning among Young Adult Women

The Effects of Gain-, Loss-, and Balanced-Framed Messages for Preventing Indoor Tanning among Young Adult Women

The influence of framed messages and self-affirmation on indoor tanning behavioral intentions in 18- to 30-year-old women.

North American Magazine Coverage of Skin Cancer and Recreational Tanning Before and After the WHO/IARC 2009 Classification of Indoor Tanning Devices as Carcinogenic

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