Systematic review of innovative seed metering mechanisms including belt-type battery-operated systems in precision planters

Abstract

This review systematically analyses belt-type battery-operated seed metering mechanisms within precision agricultural planters, providing a critical comparison with traditional seed metering technologies. Utilizing studies from 1970 to 2023 sourced from databases like Scopus and IEEE Xplore, this paper explores these mechanisms' technological advancements, design variations, and operational efficiencies. Belt-type mechanisms offer adaptability across various seed sizes and environmental conditions, significantly reducing seed damage. In contrast, battery-operated mechanisms provide crucial benefits in portability and flexibility, making them especially suitable for precision planting in remote areas. Both technologies have been found to enhance seed placement accuracy, streamline operational processes, and offer substantial labour savings over conventional methods. However, they also face specific challenges, such as belt types, mechanical speed limitations and battery-operated systems' energy dependency. The review underscores the need for future research to enhance system durability, increase adaptability to diverse agricultural needs, and improve the energy efficiency of these planting technologies. These improvements are essential for advancing precision planters' capabilities and meeting modern agriculture's increasing demands.