Systematic review of factors affecting pharmaceutical expenditures

Mousnad, Mohamed Awad; Shafie, Asrul Akmal; Ibrahim, Mohamed Izham Mohamed

doi:10.1016/j.healthpol.2014.03.010

Cited by 30 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Pharmaceutical expenditure will continue rising across countries unless addressed, driven by well‐known factors including ageing populations, rising patient expectations and the continued launch of new premium priced technologies [2,10–13]. Potential ways instigated by health authorities to address this include encouraging the prescribing of low‐cost generics, especially where generics are priced at 2% to 10% of pre‐patent loss prices such as the Netherlands, Sweden and the UK [14–16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[9] Pharmaceutical expenditure will continue rising across countries unless addressed, driven by well-known factors including ageing populations, rising patient expectations and the continued launch of new premium priced technologies. [2,[10][11][12][13] Potential ways instigated by health authorities to address this include encouraging the prescribing of low-cost generics, especially where generics are priced at 2% to 10% of prepatent loss prices such as the Netherlands, Sweden and the UK. [14][15][16] However, this can be a challenge in countries where there are limited availability of generics, a tendency for physicians to prescribe originators (Brand name products) and where prices of generics can be high.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prescribing of bisphosphonates and antibiotics in Pakistan: challenges and opportunities for the future

Riaz

Godman

Hussain

et al. 2015

Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Services Research

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This version is available at https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/52649/ Strathprints is designed to allow users to access the research output of the University of Strathclyde. Unless otherwise explicitly stated on the manuscript, Copyright © and Moral Rights for the papers on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. Please check the manuscript for details of any other licences that may have been applied. You may not engage in further distribution of the material for any profitmaking activities or any commercial gain. You may freely distribute both the url (https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/) and the content of this paper for research or private study, educational, or not-for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge.Any correspondence concerning this service should be sent to the Strathprints administrator: strathprints@strath.ac.ukThe Strathprints institutional repository (https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk) is a digital archive of University of Strathclyde research outputs. It has been developed to disseminate open access research outputs, expose data about those outputs, and enable the management and persistent access to Strathclyde's intellectual output. AbstractIntroduction: The appropriate management of patients with osteoporosis and the rational use of antibiotics are growing concerns in Pakistan. The first step to improve patient care is to understand current prescribing patterns and the rationale behind these patterns. Aim: To assesses utilisation patterns, prescribing behaviour and the potential rationale among a range of medicines including bisphosphonates and antibiotics. Subsequently, use the findings to suggest potential future policies for all key stakeholders to improve patient care in the future. Methodology: A questionnaire based, cross-sectional study in both private and public health care facilities in Pakistan, conducted between January 2011 and December 2012, involving 438 physicians and15824 prescriptions. The second study involved 9984 outpatient prescriptions, 127 in-patient cases and over 100 prescribers and dispensers. Results: There was adequate history taking and examinations in approximately half of the physicians surveyed, with prescribing typically taking into account issues such as disease severity (84% of respondents) and the socioeconomic status of patients (53%). Prescribing of bisphosphonates was common certainly compared to medicines

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prescribing of bisphosphonates and antibiotics in Pakistan: challenges and opportunities for the future

Riaz

Godman

Hussain

et al. 2015

Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Services Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Making drugs more affordable is important since medicine prices largely contribute to the burgeoning health‐care costs all over the world (Mousnad, Shafie, & Ibrahim, 2014). Average pharmaceutical spending as a share of total health expenditures is 30.4 percent for low‐income countries like the Philippines while it is 19.7 percent for high‐income countries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do Local Government Units in the Philippines Procure Medicines According to a Set Benchmark Price?

Cheng¹,

Rivera²,

General³

et al. 2020

World Med & Health Policy

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This retrospective study aimed to assess whether Philippine local government units (LGUs) procure drugs within official benchmark prices set by the Department of Health (DOH) called the Drug Price Reference Index (DPRI). Drug procurement price data found in the purchase orders or obligation requests of 35 purposively selected LGUs and LGU‐owned and ‐operated hospitals were collected. A Laspeyres index was used to measure the percent difference of the total drug expenditure when the quantities procured were priced at DPRI prices instead of supplier prices. Indices higher (lower) than 1 would indicate that drugs bought were more expensive (cheaper) than the DPRI prices. Results show that out of the 10 study sites, 8 were found to be deviant from the DPRI and indices ranged from 0.35 to 212.70, which implies that majority of LGUs are not compliant with the benchmark. The DOH already has a policy that enforces the adherence of DPRI among LGUs in place, but the policy has yet to be properly implemented. Monitoring may be done through computing the Laspeyres index described in this study. Monitoring can be delegated to DOH Regional offices to de‐load the DOH Central Office.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, pharmaceutical expenditure is coming under increasing scrutiny worldwide [3,4], rising by more than 50% in real terms during the past decade among OECD countries [5]. As a result, expenditure on pharmaceuticals is now the largest, or equaling the largest, cost component in ambulatory care, and in some countries is up to 60% of total healthcare expenditure [3,4,6]. In addition in low-and middle-income countries, healthcare expenditure accounts for between 13 and 32% of total household expenditures with one in four poor households in low-income countries incurring potentially catastrophic healthcare expenses when family members become ill [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Initiatives in South Africa to enhance the prescribing of generic proton pump inhibitors: findings and implications

et al. 2015

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Systematic review of factors affecting pharmaceutical expenditures

Cited by 30 publications

References 51 publications

Prescribing of bisphosphonates and antibiotics in Pakistan: challenges and opportunities for the future

Prescribing of bisphosphonates and antibiotics in Pakistan: challenges and opportunities for the future

Do Local Government Units in the Philippines Procure Medicines According to a Set Benchmark Price?

Initiatives in South Africa to enhance the prescribing of generic proton pump inhibitors: findings and implications

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