Systematic review of evidence to support the theory of psychobiotics

Romijn, Amy R.; Rucklidge, Julia J.

doi:10.1093/nutrit/nuv025

Cited by 73 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Our findings follow another recent systematic review on the psychological benefits of probiotic supplementation [68]. Our review differs, notably, with the inclusion of six studies [33-A C C E P T E D M A N U S C R I P T ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT 19 35,37,39,42] not included in the prior review, published after the prior review was undertaken.…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 60%

Probiotic supplementation can positively affect anxiety and depressive symptoms: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials

et al. 2016

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Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 60%

Probiotic supplementation can positively affect anxiety and depressive symptoms: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials

et al. 2016

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“…However, a recent systematic review of psychiatric benefits of probiotics in humans found little evidence of positive outcomes [121], a finding running counter to the general optimism. Others have stated that the field, though not ‘faecal phrenology’, will ultimately be unable to provide true translational value without rigorous elucidation of mechanisms [122].…”

Section: Future Directions and Psychobiotics Beyond Prebiotics And Prmentioning

confidence: 86%

Psychobiotics and the Manipulation of Bacteria–Gut–Brain Signals

Sarkar

Lehto

Harty

et al. 2016

Trends in Neurosciences

772

565

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Psychobiotics were previously defined as live bacteria (probiotics) which, when ingested, confer mental health benefits through interactions with commensal gut bacteria. We expand this definition to encompass prebiotics, which enhance the growth of beneficial gut bacteria. We review probiotic and prebiotic effects on emotional, cognitive, systemic, and neural variables relevant to health and disease. We discuss gut–brain signalling mechanisms enabling psychobiotic effects, such as metabolite production. Overall, knowledge of how the microbiome responds to exogenous influence remains limited. We tabulate several important research questions and issues, exploration of which will generate both mechanistic insights and facilitate future psychobiotic development. We suggest the definition of psychobiotics be expanded beyond probiotics and prebiotics to include other means of influencing the microbiome.

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“…To date, there are a few reviews on probiotic effects on infantile colic, which may reflect peripheral nervous system action, and one recent study reviewing only human studies. [64][65][66] Similarly, among the 56 RCTs so far which tested probiotics in adults with IBS that have or have not shown effects on peripheral (bowel) functions, 15 none have investigated whether any CNS effect was affected or improved. We identified studies applying probiotics as single-or multiple-strain preparations in animals and humans.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Probiotics on Central Nervous System Functions in Animals and Humans: A Systematic Review

Wang

Lee

Braun

et al. 2016

J Neurogastroenterol Motil

265

195

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To systematically review the effects of probiotics on central nervous system function in animals and humans, to summarize effective interventions (species of probiotic, dose, duration), and to analyze the possibility of translating preclinical studies. Literature searches were conducted in Pubmed, Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Library. Only randomized controlled trials were included. In total, 38 studies were included: 25 in animals and 15 in humans (2 studies were conducted in both). Most studies used Bifidobacterium (eg, B. longum, B. breve, and B. infantis) and Lactobacillus (eg, L. helveticus, and L. rhamnosus), with doses between 10 9 and 10 10 colonyforming units for 2 weeks in animals and 4 weeks in humans. These probiotics showed efficacy in improving psychiatric disorderrelated behaviors including anxiety, depression, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), obsessive-compulsive disorder, and memory abilities, including spatial and non-spatial memory. Because many of the basic science studies showed some efficacy of probiotics on central nervous system function, this background may guide and promote further preclinical and clinical studies. Translating animal studies to human studies has obvious limitations but also suggests possibilities. Here, we provide several suggestions for the translation of animal studies. More experimental designs with both behavioral and neuroimaging measures in healthy volunteers and patients are needed in the future.

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Systematic review of evidence to support the theory of psychobiotics

Abstract: More trials are necessary before any inferences can be made about the efficacy of probiotics in mental health applications.

Cited by 73 publications

References 54 publications

Probiotic supplementation can positively affect anxiety and depressive symptoms: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials

Probiotic supplementation can positively affect anxiety and depressive symptoms: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials

Psychobiotics and the Manipulation of Bacteria–Gut–Brain Signals

Effect of Probiotics on Central Nervous System Functions in Animals and Humans: A Systematic Review

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