Systematic Review of Biomarkers To Monitor Therapeutic Response in Leishmaniasis

Kip, Anke E; Balasegaram, Manica; Beijnen, Jos H.; Schellens, Jan H.M.; Vries, Peter J. de; Dorlo, Thomas P. C.

doi:10.1128/aac.04298-14

Cited by 58 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 184 publications

(161 reference statements)

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“…Leishmania burdens in treated VL patients generally decline during treatment (reviewed by Kip et al, 2014; see also Pourabbas et al, 2013;Mourão et al, 2014;Mary et al, 2004Mary et al, , 2006Aoun et al, 2009;Sudarshan et al, 2011). However inadequate drugs, doses and durations may result in parasite persistence (e.g.…”

Section: Parasite Loads In Response To Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress in the Mathematical Modelling of Visceral Leishmaniasis

Rock¹,

Quinnell²,

Medley³

et al. 2016

Mathematical Models for Neglected Tropical Diseases - Essential Tools for Control and Elimination, Part B

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The leishmaniases comprise a complex of diseases characterised by clinical outcomes that range from self-limiting to chronic, disfiguring and stigmatising, to life-threatening. Diagnostic methods, treatments, and vector and reservoir control options exist, but deciding the most effective interventions requires a quantitative understanding of the population level infection and disease dynamics. The effectiveness of any set of interventions has to be determined within the context of operational conditions, including economic and political commitment. Mathematical models are the best available tools for studying quantitative systems crossing disciplinary spheres (biology, medicine, economics) within environmental and societal constraints.In 2005, the World Health Assembly and government health ministers of India, Nepal, and Bangladesh signed a Memorandum of Understanding to eliminate the life threatening form of leishmaniasis, visceral leishmaniasis (VL), on the Indian subcontinent by 2015 through a combination of early case detection, improved treatments, and vector control. The elimination target is <1/10,000 population at the district or subdistrict level compared to the current 20/10,000 in the regions of highest transmission.Towards this goal, this chapter focuses on mathematical models of VL, and the biology driving those models, to enable realistic predictions of the * Corresponding author Email address: orin.courtenay@warwick.ac.uk (Orin Courtenay)Preprint submitted to Advances in Parasitology July 18, 2016 best combination of interventions. Several key issues will be discussed which have affected previous modelling of VL and the direction future modelling may take. Current understanding of the natural history of disease, immunity (and loss of immunity), as well as stages of infection and their durations are considered particularly for humans, but also for dogs. Asymptomatic and clinical infection are discussed in the context of their relative roles in Leishmania transmission, as well as key components of the parasite-sandfly-vector interaction and intervention strategies including diagnosis, treatment and vector control. Gaps in current biological knowledge and potential avenues to improve model structures and mathematical predictions are identified. Underpinning the marriage between biology and mathematical modelling, the content of this chapter represents the first step towards developing the next generation of models for VL.

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Section: Parasite Loads In Response To Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress in the Mathematical Modelling of Visceral Leishmaniasis

Rock¹,

Quinnell²,

Medley³

et al. 2016

Mathematical Models for Neglected Tropical Diseases - Essential Tools for Control and Elimination, Part B

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“…However, mediators of inflammatory and tissue stress expression appear not to have been studied in situ in leishmanial lesions. Considering the needs to identify biomarkers to leishmaniasis that can be used to diagnose disease, predict clinical outcome, monitor therapeutic responses and immunity [33,40], we have examined the tissue expression of some inflammatory and stress markers during cutaneous murine leishmaniosis. The predictive or diagnostic values of proteins markers have been suggested for many diseases, for example, hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1a) for rectal cancer [43], heme oxygenase (HO-1) for malaria [4] and bladder cancer [41], vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) for Sjögren's syndrome [60] and CD31/VEGF for asthma [54].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunohistochemical evidence of stress and inflammatory markers in mouse models of cutaneous leishmaniosis

Araújo

Giorgio

2015

Arch Dermatol Res

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Leishmanioses are chronic parasitic diseases and host responses are associated with pro- or anti-inflammatory cytokines involved, respectively, in the control or exacerbation of infection. The relevance of other inflammatory mediators and stress markers has not been widely studied and there is a need to search for biomarkers to leishmaniasis. In this work, the stress and inflammatory molecules p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, cyclooxygenase-2, migration inhibitory factor, macrophage inflammatory protein 2, heat shock protein 70 kDa, vascular endothelial factor (VEGF), hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF-1α and HIF-2α), heme oxygenase and galectin-3 expression were assessed immunohistochemically in self-controlled lesions in C57BL/6 mice and severe lesions in Balb/c mice infected with Leishmania amazonensis. The results indicated that the majority of molecules were expressed in the cutaneous lesions of both C57BL/6 and Balb/c mice during various phases of infection, suggesting no obvious correlation between the stress and inflammatory molecule expression and the control/exacerbation of leishmanial lesions. However, the cytokine VEGF was only detected in C57BL/6 footpad lesions and small lesions in Balb/c mice treated with antimonial pentavalent. These findings suggest that VEGF expression could be a predictive factor for murine leishmanial control, a hypothesis that should be tested in human leishmaniosis.

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“…The incidence of CMD increases in HIV-infected individuals, and HAART is associated with an increase in both peripheral and coronary artery disease [49,50]. Risk factors such as hyperlipidemia [44], oxidative stress [51], impaired glucose tolerance, and increased insulin resistance [45], accumulation of visceral fat [52], inflammation secondary to HIV [53], and the effects of some antiretroviral drugs all contribute to the risk of developing CMD [54].…”

Section: Cardiometabolic Disease (Cmd) Riskmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise Therapy for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Patients

Grace¹

2016

Fitness Medicine

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Background: Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has reduced mortality and morbidity in HIV-infected patients and transformed HIV infection from an acute to a chronic disease, not only increasing the life expectancy but also adding to the potential side effects associated with drug therapy. Exercise has been fused as an important adjuvant therapy and can play a valuable role in the management of health in HIV/AIDS patients. Methods: EBSCOhost, Science Citation Index, CINAHL database, PsycINFO, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Physiotherapy Evidence Database, and SPORTDiscus were searched between 1996 and May 2016. Searches of published and unpublished abstracts were conducted, as well as a hand search of reference lists and tables of contents of relevant journals and books were conducted. A total of 60 studies met the inclusion criteria. Results: Most studies failed to indicate the optimum type (mode), intensity, frequency, and duration of aerobic excercise (AE), progressive resistive exercise (PRE), and a combination of AE and PRE (CARE) prescribed to HIV-infected individuals in relation to the different clinical stages of the disease. Conclusion: The findings provide information that clarifies the optimal mode, duration, frequency, and intensity of AE, PRE, and CARE prescribed to the different clinical stages of HIV patients. The exercises recommended have the potential to benefit HIV patients and should be adopted by clinical exercise therapists.

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Systematic Review of Biomarkers To Monitor Therapeutic Response in Leishmaniasis

Cited by 58 publications

References 184 publications

Progress in the Mathematical Modelling of Visceral Leishmaniasis

Progress in the Mathematical Modelling of Visceral Leishmaniasis

Immunohistochemical evidence of stress and inflammatory markers in mouse models of cutaneous leishmaniosis

Exercise Therapy for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Patients

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