Systematic review methods for the Pregnancy and Birth to 24 Months Project

Obbagy, Julie; Spahn, Joanne; Wong, Yat Ping; Psota, Tricia; Spill, Maureen; Dreibelbis, Carol; Güngör, Darcy; Nadaud, Perrine; Raghavan, Ramkripa; Callahan, Emily; Kingshipp, Brittany L; LaPergola, Concetta; Shapiro, M.J; Stoody, Eve

doi:10.1093/ajcn/nqy226

Cited by 24 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…All work described in this document was done by members of the TEC; no unnamed staff were involved. The TEC followed the methodology (https://nesr.usda.gov) of the USDA's NESR team (formerly known as the Nutrition Evidence Library), and as described in detail by Obbagy et al [11]. All TEC members were trained in systematic review methodology as detailed on the 2020 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee /NESR website https://nesr.usda.gov/2020dietary-guidelines-advisory-committee-systematic-reviews.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The TEC developed a priori criteria for inclusion and exclusion for each of the two systematic methodology questions. To be included, studies needed to be published in English and conducted in very high or high Human Development Index countries [11]. In addition, included studies were required to have one of the following study designs: randomized controlled trial (RCT), prospective cohort study, or case control studies, in which cases were defined as having "neurocognitive disorders and were compared to matched healthy controls", as described by the NESR team at https://nesr.usda.gov/2020-dietaryguidelines-advisory-committee-systematic-reviews (accessed June 18, 2019).…”

Section: Study Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For each systematic review question, the evidence was synthesized qualitatively and graded, conclusion statements were developed, and research recommendations were developed as per NESR methodologies [11]. Briefly, TEC members independently reviewed the extracted data, full-text articles and a description of the body of evidence.…”

Section: Evidence Synthesis Conclusion Statements Evidence Grading mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A conclusion statement was written to answer each systematic review question, reflecting the synthesis and grading of the available evidence. The TEC used NESR's grading rubric to assign a grade of strong, moderate, limited, or grade not assignable to the evidence underlying each conclusion statement [11]. The grading rubric evaluates internal validity, adequacy, and consistency of the evidence, as well as impact (including clinical impact) and generalizability [11].…”

Section: Evidence Synthesis Conclusion Statements Evidence Grading mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The TEC used NESR's grading rubric to assign a grade of strong, moderate, limited, or grade not assignable to the evidence underlying each conclusion statement [11]. The grading rubric evaluates internal validity, adequacy, and consistency of the evidence, as well as impact (including clinical impact) and generalizability [11]. TEC members identified research recommendations throughout the process.…”

Section: Evidence Synthesis Conclusion Statements Evidence Grading mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Relationships between seafood consumption during pregnancy and childhood and neurocognitive development: Two systematic reviews

Hibbeln

Spiller

Brenna

et al. 2019

Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids

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Abundant data are now available to evaluate relationships between seafood consumption in pregnancy and childhood and neurocognitive development. We conducted two systematic reviews utilizing methodologies detailed by the Dietary Guidelines for Americans Scientific Advisory Committee 2020-2025. After reviewing 44 publications on 106,237 mother-offspring pairs and 25,960 children, our technical expert committee developed two conclusion statements that included the following: "Moderate and consistent evidence indicates that consumption of a wide range of amounts and types of commercially available seafood during pregnancy is associated with improved neurocognitive development of offspring as compared to eating no seafood. Overall, benefits to neurocognitive development began at the lowest amounts of seafood consumed (∼4 oz/wk) and continued through the highest amounts, above 12 oz/wk, some range up to > 100 oz/wk.", "This evidence does not meet the criteria for "strong evidence" only due to a paucity of randomized controlled trials that may not be ethical or feasible to conduct for pregnancy" and "Moderate and consistent evidence indicates that consumption of > 4 oz/wk and likely > 12 oz/wk of seafood during childhood has beneficial associations with neurocognitive outcomes." No net adverse neurocognitive outcomes were reported among offspring at the highest ranges of seafood intakes despite associated increases in mercury exposures. Data are insufficient for conclusive statements regarding lactation, optimal amounts, categories or specific species characterized by mercury content and neurocognitive development; although there is some evidence that dark/oily seafood may be more beneficial. Research was conducted in healthy women and children and is generalizable to US populations. Assessment of seafood as a whole food integrates inherently integrates any adverse effects from neurotoxicants, if any, and benefits to neurocognition from omega-3 fats, as well as other nutrients critical to optimal neurological development. Understanding of the effects of seafood consumption on neurocognition can have significant public health implications. rich source of key nutrients that are biologically essential for optimal fetal and child neurodevelopment including iodine, vitamin B 12 , iron, vitamin D, zinc, manganese and highly unsaturated omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids [1]. Women are more likely to the achieve optimal intakes of these nutrients when consuming seafood in pregnancy [2].

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Evidence Synthesis Conclusion Statements Evidence Grading mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Evidence Synthesis Conclusion Statements Evidence Grading mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Evidence Synthesis Conclusion Statements Evidence Grading mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Relationships between seafood consumption during pregnancy and childhood and neurocognitive development: Two systematic reviews

Hibbeln

Spiller

Brenna

et al. 2019

Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids

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Perspective: Nutritional Status as a Biological Variable (NABV): Integrating Nutrition Science into Basic and Clinical Research and Care

Raiten

Combs

Steiber

et al. 2021

Advances in Nutrition

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The field of nutrition has evolved from one focused primarily on discovery of the identities, metabolic functions, and requirements for essential nutrients to one focused on the application of that knowledge to the development and implementation of dietary recommendations to promote health and prevent disease. This evolution has produced a deeper appreciation of not only the roles of nutrients, but also factors affecting their functions in increasingly complex global health contexts. The intersection of nutrition with an increasingly more complex global health context necessitates a view of nutritional status as a biological variable (NABV), the study of which includes an appreciation that nutritional status is: 1) not limited to dietary exposure; 2) intimately and inextricably involved in all aspects of human health promotion, disease prevention, and treatment; and 3) both an input and an outcome of health and disease. This expanded view of nutrition will inform future research by facilitating considerations of the contexts and variability associated with the many interacting factors affecting and affected by nutritional status. It will also demand new tools to study multifactorial relations to the end of increasing precision and the development of evidence-based, safe, and effective standards of health care, dietary interventions, and public health programs.

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Perspective: USDA Nutrition Evidence Systematic Review Methodology: Grading the Strength of Evidence in Nutrition- and Public Health–Related Systematic Reviews

Spill

Raghavan

Callahan

et al. 2022

Advances in Nutrition

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The U.S. Department of Agriculture's Nutrition Evidence Systematic Review (NESR) team conducts food- and nutrition-related systematic reviews used to inform U.S. Federal guidelines and programs, including the Dietary Guidelines for Americans. NESR's systematic review methodology includes a step to grade the strength of the evidence underlying conclusion statements, which is critical for ensuring that end users understand the level of certainty in conclusions when using them to make decisions. Over time, NESR has ensured its grading process not only remains state of the art but is also designed specifically for systematic reviews that inform Federal guidelines and programs on nutrition and public health. The NESR grading process used by the 2020 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee included five grading elements: risk of bias, consistency, directness, precision, and generalizability. Evidence was grouped by study design and assessed against these elements, and the grade assigned to the entire body of evidence took into consideration the strengths and limitations of each design. Based on this assessment, one of four grades was assigned: strong, moderate, limited, or grade not assignable. The grade was clearly communicated by integrating language into each conclusion statement (e.g., “strong evidence demonstrates” or “limited evidence suggests”), and supported by rationale documented in the review. NESR's grading process aligns with approaches used by other organizations that conduct systematic reviews, while retaining aspects unique to NESR's role in informing Federal nutrition and public health guidelines and programs. It provides a framework that promotes consistency in grading across food and nutrition-related reviews, while offering flexibility that allows for thorough consideration of the body of evidence underlying an individual conclusion statement. NESR's rigorous and transparent methods for grading the strength of evidence in food- and nutrition-related systematic reviews ensures that decisions related to diet and public health are based on the strongest available evidence.

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Systematic review methods for the Pregnancy and Birth to 24 Months Project

Cited by 24 publications

References 22 publications

Relationships between seafood consumption during pregnancy and childhood and neurocognitive development: Two systematic reviews

Relationships between seafood consumption during pregnancy and childhood and neurocognitive development: Two systematic reviews

Perspective: Nutritional Status as a Biological Variable (NABV): Integrating Nutrition Science into Basic and Clinical Research and Care

Perspective: USDA Nutrition Evidence Systematic Review Methodology: Grading the Strength of Evidence in Nutrition- and Public Health–Related Systematic Reviews

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