Systematic review and meta‐analysis of the association of Autism Spectrum Disorder in visually or hearing impaired children

Do, Belinda; Lynch, Paige; Macris, Elena-Marie; Smyth, Brianna; Stavrinakis, Stephanie; Quinn, Stephen; Constable, Paul A.

doi:10.1111/opo.12350

Cited by 48 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 73 publications

(257 reference statements)

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“…Dutton suggested that individuals with ASD, and in particular, those born prematurely, should be evaluated for evidence of cerebral visual impairment. From another viewpoint, ASD should also be considered when a child presents with visual impairment, and a recent systematic review reported a significantly higher risk for children with a visual impairment having an ASD diagnosis as well . In such cases, a child would need to be referred to the appropriate ASD diagnostic service for investigation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vision in children with autism spectrum disorder: a critical review

Little

2018

Clinical and Experimental Optometry

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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a common neurodevelopmental condition with approximately 1-2 per cent prevalence in the population. The condition has lifelong effects for the individual and family, and early intervention and management helps maximise quality of life and outcomes. Many studies of vision in ASD have attempted to link the behavioural and sensory deficits in ASD with underlying visual processing. From this work, it is clear that individuals with ASD 'see' and process the world differently, but there remain gaps in our understanding. This review will summarise our current knowledge of key aspects of visual functions and the optometric profile of ASD. This includes findings regarding visual acuity and contrast sensitivity, refractive error, eye movements, binocular vision, near visual functions and retinal structure in ASD. From this, a pattern of knowledge emerges for children with ASD: we should expect normal visual acuity; there will likely be atypical eye movements and susceptibility for subtle visuo-motor deficits, there is an increased prevalence of strabismus; an increased likelihood of astigmatism and possibly other refractive errors; attention, crowding and task complexity will likely be problematic; and retinal structure and function may be compromised. Bringing this together, these findings highlight that further work is necessary, not only to understand how higher-level functions link to behaviours, but also to ensure there is a sound understanding of the building-blocks of vision to fully grasp the profile of visual processing as a whole in ASD. This review will give a translational viewpoint for clinicians, and underline the benefits of comprehensive vision care in ASD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vision in children with autism spectrum disorder: a critical review

Little

2018

Clinical and Experimental Optometry

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“…Other conditions acquired through prenatal exposure to infections, such as rubella, have been associated with later schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder. 40 -43 Higher-thanexpected rates of comorbid autism spectrum disorder have also been described among children with visual and auditory impairments 44,45 as well as those with both syndromic and nonsyndromic intellectual disability. 46,47 Therefore, infants with CZS are at increased risk for these later psychiatric disorders, although the severity of the intellectual disability is likely to make a diagnosis of these conditions difficult.…”

Section: Likely Impact On Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Infants With Congenital Zika Syndrome: What Do We Know and What Can We Expect?

Wheeler

2018

Pediatrics

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The association between Zika virus infection during pregnancy and severe birth defects in infants has led to worldwide attention focused on the mechanisms of the disease and the prevention of future exposure. Surveillance efforts around the world continue with the goal of identifying and monitoring all potentially exposed women and their newborns. For infants who were born with congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) and their families, an uncertain future awaits. As infants who were born with CZS during the most recent outbreak enter their second year of life, new developments in the outcomes of the condition continue to unfold, providing some insight into the likely long-term sequalae. In this article, I review the literature on emerging findings regarding the impact of CZS on the developing infant and provide some predictions regarding the long-term outcomes and lifetime needs of these children and their families.

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“…More recently, Little and Bakroon have critically reviewed visual development and function in children with ASD. Recent systematic reviews have found there was a greater risk for children with ASD if they had a congenital hearing or visual impairment . A further systematic review supported evidence for abnormal saccadic control in individuals with ASD .…”

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confidence: 91%

Effect size of search superiority in autism spectrum disorder

Constable

Bailey

Beck

et al. 2020

Clinical and Experimental Optometry

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This review of the literature in visual search superiority in autism was intended to quantify the effect size of visual search performance in autism. Not all studies have found an advantage within the autistic population. Early findings on search superiority have led to different proposed mechanisms for the observed results. A review of feature search found that the effect size was low across 15 included studies (Cohen's d 0.089 [−0.150 to 0.293]). However, the effect size was larger for more complex search paradigms using a conjunctive search strategy with Cohen's d showing a moderate effect of 0.223 (0.087 to 0.293). The majority of studies were limited to a small sample size and biased toward the high-functioning end of the autistic spectrum. The overall results indicate that within the autism spectrum disorder population there is a low to moderate search advantage compared to typically developing individuals.

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Systematic review and meta‐analysis of the association of Autism Spectrum Disorder in visually or hearing impaired children

Abstract: There is a high association of ASD in VI or HI children and therefore these populations should be assessed for ASD in the presence of a visual or hearing disability.

Cited by 48 publications

References 73 publications

Vision in children with autism spectrum disorder: a critical review

Vision in children with autism spectrum disorder: a critical review

Development of Infants With Congenital Zika Syndrome: What Do We Know and What Can We Expect?

Effect size of search superiority in autism spectrum disorder

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