Systematic review and meta-analysis of within-subject and between-subject biological variation estimates of serum zinc, copper and selenium

Prediction interval

“…Personalized reference intervals (prRIs) can be calculated using the mean of individuals repeated measurement results (sample mean) and withinsubject biological variation of the measurand (population variance). Reliable biological variation (BV) data can be obtained from the literature or European Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (EFLM) BV database (10)(11)(12)(13)(14). To utilize PI for this model, a few measurement results (such as 3 or 4) are adequate.…”

Bias in Laboratory Medicine: The Dark Side of the Moon

“…The EFLM BV Working Group has greatly contributed to laboratory test BV. In the last decade, the group has developed checklists [58] and standards [59] for BV studies, measured the BV of numerous analytes [60] using a strict protocol [61], performed meta-analyses of BV data of numerous analytes published in the literature [62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69], and launched a BV database for most laboratory tests [70]. The database is dynamic and is updated when a new paper on BV is published.…”