Systematic review and meta-analysis of the growth performance and carcass composition of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fed dietary copra meal

Abstract

IntroductionNile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is one of the most cultured species in the aquaculture industry. However, its market price is affected by the increasing cost of fishmeal. Plant-based proteins are being used to mitigate the problem.MethodologyThis paper comprehensively quantified the growth performance and carcass composition of Nile tilapia fed copra meal via systematic review and meta-analysis. The literature review and paper selection were done based on the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis method. The data from peer-reviewed papers that qualified from the inclusion screening criteria such as standard error reporting, feeding period, absence of dietary supplements, tilapia development stage, and crude protein levels were subjected to meta-analysis.ResultsResults showed that growth and feed utilization parameters were significantly different (P ≤ 0.05), favoring the control over the plant-based diets. Moreover, the pooled estimate of carcass composition of fish fed copra meal-based diet was not significantly different with that of fish fed fishmeal-based diet (P > 0.05) except for ash content (P < 0.05). The feeding period, crude protein level, fish development stage, and dietary copra inclusions were subjected to meta-regression analysis due to high and statistically significant I2 values to determine the sources of heterogeneity. The residual I2 values showed that these factors did not affect the heterogeneity of the data presented for copra meal. These effects may be attributed to the nutritional quality of raw materials and other abiotic factors like feed preparation.ConclusionNonetheless, data from meta-analysis using model coefficients revealed that the minimum required levels are 594, 617, and 462 g kg−1 of dietary copra meal are needed for optimum growth performance, feed utilization, and carcass composition of Nile tilapia, respectively. The study showed that systematic review and meta-analysis can be a useful tool in optimizing plant-based diets for aquaculture species.

Microplastics contamination in fish feeds: Characterization and potential exposure risk assessment for cultivated fish of Bangladesh

“…Since the conventional fish feed is found to be contaminated with different anthropogenic contaminants including microplastics, the fish farmers should think of sustainable protein soured alternatives like insect protein, or plant protein. According to a recent study conducted by Magbanua and Ragaza, 2022 [ 84 ], regional sources of plant-based proteins, including soybean, corn, palm kernel, and pea meal, have been identified as highly promising substitutes for fishmeal. Plant-based proteins are readily accessible in the commercial sphere and exhibit a substantial quantity and commendable quality of protein content.…”

Copra Meal: A Review of Its Production, Properties, and Prospects

“…The potential incorporation of copra meal in aquaculture feed diets was also tested in various species, particularly in Nile and saline tilapia, milkfish, and black tiger shrimp, in the studies conducted by Obirikorang et al [ 15 ], Harlina et al [ 14 ], Magbanua and Ragaza [ 56 ], Apines-Amar et al [ 13 ], and Corre et al [ 17 ], respectively. Similar to the trend observed for other experimental diets for animals using copra meal, the inclusion of CM resulted in lower feed bulk density.…”

“…In terms of aquaculture feed applications, it would be critical to examine the physical characteristics, particularly the hardness, water stability, water absorption index, and water solubility index, as these are important indicators of the nutrient retention capacity and sinking velocity of feed pellets. The hardness of feeds is also highly correlated to the animal’s preference, especially in aquatic species, as studies have found that fish prefer softer pellets than harder ones and the high concentration of CM in experimental feed diets result in lower feed intake [ 56 ]. Note that the inclusion of plant ingredients in feed has significant effects on the physical properties of the product, since the NSPs have the potential to reduce the expansion and increase the hardness.…”

Pseudomonas putida infection induces immune-antioxidant, hepato-renal, ethological, and histopathological/immunohistochemical disruptions in Oreochromis niloticus: the palliative role of titanium dioxide nanogel

“…In aquaculture, the tilapia industry is one of the most stable and steady-growing. Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is the best-ranked and most substantial tilapia species being cultivated and traded [1]. With rapid progress and intensification in the aquaculture industry, various emerging diseases have arisen [2].…”