Systematic raptor codes for safety broadcast in an unsaturated vehicular highway environment

Abdullah, Nor Fadzilah; Piechocki, Robert J.; Doufexi, Angela

doi:10.1186/1687-1499-2012-213

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(43 reference statements)

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“…Although small PHY packets are less likely to be corrupted (i.e. the PER is lower) compared to longer packets [27], the errors coming from the tablet dominate the PER at the application layer as seen in Fig. 19.…”

Section: Analysis Of Multicast Data Ratementioning

confidence: 92%

Multicast Wi-Fi Raptor-enabled data carousel design: simulation and practical implementation

Bulut

Berkovskyy

Zhang

et al. 2016

EURASIP J. Adv. Signal Process.

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Multicast is an efficient way of transmitting the same set of data to multiple interested users. Unlike the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) cellular standards, for Wi-Fi, there is no standardised solution for reliable multicast data transmission. Multicast packets are delivered to multiple users as a broadcast service without support for automatic repeat request. Hence, multicast transmission often results in high packet loss. In order to improve the reliability of multicast delivery, a fixed low-speed (robust) transmission mode can be used. However, this results in the inefficient use of scarce and valuable radio bandwidth. This paper presents a reliable and efficient Wi-Fi multicast delivery solution for use in challenging outdoor environments. An application layer forward error correction (AL-FEC)-enabled data carousel is proposed to enhance reliability. For multicast transmission, we demonstrate that limitations in the Wi-Fi clients are a major source of packet loss, even in ideal channel conditions. Client limitations (particularly data rate limitations) were found to vary as a function of modulation and coding mode, Raptor code parameters and multicast server rate. Our initial Raptor-enabled carousel designs are based on computer simulations and lab-based trials. Analysis is then extended to field trials using a practical implementation of the recommended design. These trials were performed in central Bristol with parameters such as received signal level, packet loss traces and file download times recorded at the clients. Finally, we compare our site-specific simulated results against real-world measurements.

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Section: Analysis Of Multicast Data Ratementioning

confidence: 92%

Multicast Wi-Fi Raptor-enabled data carousel design: simulation and practical implementation

Bulut

Berkovskyy

Zhang

et al. 2016

EURASIP J. Adv. Signal Process.

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“…The physical layer simulator is orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)‐based and includes a standard IEEE 802.11 physical layer design [19]. More details on the physical layer simulation model can be found in our earlier work [5, 23].…”

Section: Vehicular Infotainment Multi‐layered Simulator Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At this point (K + ε) ESs are received, where ε is the code overhead requirement. (5) If the raptor decoding is unsuccessful (i.e. not enough ESs are received), this does not imply that individually the packet is not useful, as it can still be forwarded to the destination (intermediate node acts as relay).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Raptor codes‐aided relaying for vehicular infotainment applications

Abdullah¹,

Doufexi²,

Piechocki³

2013

IET Communications

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Even though the main motivation behind wireless access for vehicular environments was to support time-sensitive safety applications, typical Internet applications are also required to attract private investment that would help expand the network and reduce the cost of implementing the systems. It is well known that the Automatic Repeat reQuest scheme used in the current IEEE 802.11p standard is highly inefficient for vehicular applications. Therefore a raptor-coded decode-andforward relaying scheme with an efficient feedback channel, named the 'r-DF scheme' for infrastructure-to-vehicle infotainment applications is proposed in this study. The scheme is evaluated using a multi-layered simulator combining a realistic IEEE 802.11p physical and MAC layer design considering the presence of interference in a highway and an urban scenario. The simulation shows that the scheme achieved up to double the average aggregate throughput and tens of decoding time improvements over the state-of-the-art.

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“…In general, the k information bits are arranged in the front of or at the back of n ‐bit code. The systematic code has many advantages and thus is widely used in many applications . For example, the decoding of systematic code is very simple if the receiver gets k inerrant information bits over a high‐quality channel.…”

Section: System Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel rateless codes design scheme based on two‐stage encoding and forward equal probability

Yang

Dai

et al. 2013

Int J Communication

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SummaryThis paper proposes an ideal rateless codes model to comprehensively describe rateless codes and extends the definition of systematic linear block code to generalized systematic code. Under the proposed model, average delay, maximum disorder, and uniformity recovery entropy are introduced as performance indices to design efficient rateless codes. A novel coding scheme based on two‐stage encoding and forward equal probability is proposed to optimize the proposed indices. In the first stage, the first k symbols are encoded, aiming to improve the performance of order recovery, uniformity recovery, and transmission efficiency as much as possible. In the second stage, the remaining infinite symbols are encoded, where the symbols with high degree are used to compensate the symbols loss in the first stage. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme can achieve generalized systematic rateless codes with high probability and also has less average delay and maximum disorder, better capacity achievability, and uniformity recovery performance than Luby trasform (LT) codes and rateless coded symbol sorting algorithm. Besides, the proposed scheme has the aforementioned advantages compared with expending window fountain codes except for uniformity recovery and maximum disorder performance when the erasure rate is higher than about 0.25. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Systematic raptor codes for safety broadcast in an unsaturated vehicular highway environment

Cited by 9 publications

References 28 publications

Multicast Wi-Fi Raptor-enabled data carousel design: simulation and practical implementation

Multicast Wi-Fi Raptor-enabled data carousel design: simulation and practical implementation

Raptor codes‐aided relaying for vehicular infotainment applications

A novel rateless codes design scheme based on two‐stage encoding and forward equal probability

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