Systematic Population-Based Assessment of Cancer Risk in First-Degree Relatives of Cancer Probands

Goldgar, David E.; Easton, Douglas F.; Cannon‐Albright, Lisa A.; Skolnick, Mark H.

doi:10.1093/jnci/86.21.1600

Cited by 922 publications

(717 citation statements)

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“…In contrast, in the present study, the risk remained above 2 even over age 65 years, although it was over 5 below age 45 years. A risk above 2 over age 60 years was also observed in a comprehensive population-based study of familial cancer based on the Utah population database (Goldgar et al, 1994). In that study, as in the present one, the risk was also elevated for rectal cancer.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 81%

“…A previous study in northern Italy (La Vecchia et al, 1992) also found an association with gastric cancer, and the Utah Population Database (Goldgar et al, 1994) with leukaemias. The associations with bone and kidney cancer for colon in this study are probably because of misclassification of metastases and/or chance.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…John et al, 1993;Fuchs et al, 1994;Goldgar et al, 1994;Slattery and Kerber, 1994;Carstensen et al, 1996;Le Marchand et al, 1996). In most studies, the risk was, as in ours, higher with younger proband age (Lovett, 1976;Sondergaard et al, 1991;La Vecchia et al, 1992;St John et al, 1993;Fuchs et al, 1994;Goldgar et al, 1994;Slattery and Kerber, 1994;Carstensen et al, 1996;Le Marchand et al, 1996). In a joint analysis of the Nurses' Health Study and Health Professionals Follow-up Study cohorts, based on 463 cases of British Journal of Cancer (1998) 77(1), [174][175][176][177][178][179] 0 Cancer Research Campaign 1998 CRC, the risk conveyed by family history decreased with increasing age of the proband, coming very close to unity above age 65 years (Fuchs et al, 1994).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Family history of cancer and risk of colorectal cancer in Italy

Negri

Braga²,

Vecchia³

et al. 1998

Br J Cancer

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Summary Subjects with a family history of colorectal cancer (CRC) are at increased risk of CRC, but quantification of the risk in different populations, the possible differences in risk according to localization of the cancer and the association of family history of other cancers with CRC risk are still open issues. We have therefore analysed data from a multicentric case-control study conducted in six Italian areas between 1992 and 1996 of 1225 incident cases of colon cancer, 728 cases of rectal cancer and 4154 controls admitted for acute conditions to the same network of hospitals as the cases. Unconditional logistic regression models including terms for gender, age, study centre, years of education and number of siblings were used to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) of CRC according to various aspects of history of CRC and other cancers in first-degree relatives. The OR for family history of CRC was 3.2 (95% confidence interval, Cl, 2.5-4.1) for colon cancer and 2.2 (95% Cl 1.6-3.1) for rectal cancer. Colon cancer was significantly associated with a family history of stomach (OR 1.4), bone (OR 2.1) and kidney (OR 2.3) cancers, while rectal cancer was significantly associated with a family history of lymphomas (OR 2.8). There was a 30% higher risk of colon and rectal cancer in subjects with a family history of any cancer, excluding intestine. The ORs for family history of CRC were 5.2 for colon and 6.3 for rectum when the proband's age was below 45 years. The ORs were similar when the affected relative was a parent or a sibling and in different strata of age of relative(s). For subjects with two or more first-degree relatives with CRC, the risk was 6.9 for the right colon, 5.8 for the transverse and descending colon, 3.8 for the sigma, 3.2 for the rectosigmoid junction and 1.9 for the rectum. This study confirms that a family history of CRC in first-degree relatives increases the risk of both colon and rectal cancer, the association being stronger at younger ages and for right colon.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 75%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Family history of cancer and risk of colorectal cancer in Italy

Negri

Braga²,

Vecchia³

et al. 1998

Br J Cancer

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“…This is likely due to shared environmental and genetic factors. The overall frequency of cancers among first-degree relatives of cancer patients has been shown to exceed that of the general population [8]. Synchronous and metachronous malignancies (double primaries) are a hallmark of inherited cancer susceptibility.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Excess of early onset multiple myeloma in endometrial cancer probands and their relatives suggests common susceptibility

Zighelboim¹,

Babb²,

Gao

et al. 2007

Gynecologic Oncology

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Objective-Determine whether there is an association between uterine cancer and multiple myeloma.Methods-Data on second malignancies were obtained for 368 uterine corpus cancer patients treated between 1992 and 2005. Detailed family histories were devised for 192 probands. Diagnoses of multiple myelomas, lymphomas and leukemias in family members were medical record verified. The frequency of multiple myeloma among uterine cancer patients was compared to the female ageadjusted incidence rate of multiple myeloma obtained from the SEER database. The crude rate of multiple myeloma (as well as Hodgkin's, non-Hodgkin's lymphomas and leukemias) among firstdegree relatives of patients with uterine cancer was compared to the age-adjusted incidence rate of multiple myeloma in the general population. Descriptive statistics were used to evaluate disease and cohort characteristics. A P value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results-Two of 368 uterine cancer patients were also diagnosed with multiple myeloma, both at age 50. The observed incidence of multiple myeloma in this cohort (543 per 100,000; 95% CI: 66 -1962 per 100,000) represents a 120-fold increase based on predicted incidence (P=0.00014). The frequency of multiple myeloma in first-degree relatives was 2/1,351 (148 per 100,000; 95% CI: 14.8 -533 per 100,000) which represents a 27-fold increase compared to the general population (P=0.0026). The frequencies of leukemias and lymphomas in these family members on the other hand were not significantly increased (P=0.152 and P=0.218).Conclusion-This specific excess frequency of early onset multiple myeloma in endometrial cancer probands and their relatives suggests shared susceptibility. *Corresponding author: Phone: (314) 362-8106, Fax: (314) 362-8620. E-mail address: goodfellowp@wudosis.wustl.edu (P.J. Goodfellow).. Article Précis. Endometrial cancer patients and their relatives have an excess of multiple myeloma suggesting common genetic or environmental risk factors.

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“…The American Cancer Society estimated that in 1995 more than 130 000 new cases of CRC would be diagnosed in the USA and that there would be 54 900 deaths from the disease (American Cancer Society, 1995). CRC onset and its progression has been studied extensively at the molecular (Bos et al, 1987;Forrester et al, 1987;Vogelstein et al, 1988;Burmer and Loeb, 1989;Delattre et al, 1989;Kern et al, 1989;Vogelstein et al, 1989;Fearon and Vogelstein, 1990;El-Deiry et al, 1991;Oudejans et al, 1991;Houlston et al, 1992;Laurent-Puig et al, 1992;Offerhaus et al, 1992;Sharrard et al, 1992;Bell et al, 1993;Finkelstein et al, 1993a and b;McLellan et al, 1993;Peltomaki et al, 1993;Urosevic et al, 1993;Breivik et al, 1994;Dix et al, 1994;Moerkerk et al, 1994;Morrin et al, 1994;Tanaka et al, 1994;Giaretti et al, 1995;Laird et al, 1995;Lewis et al, 1996;Span et al, 1996) and genetic (Woolf et al, 1958;Macklin et al, 1960;Houlston et al, 1992;Zhao and Le Marchand, 1992;Peltomaki et al, 1993;Goldgar et al, 1994;Lewis et al, 1996) levels and there is a commonly accepted model relating tumour grade according to Dukes' stage (Dukes, 1932) to specific DNA changes …”

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confidence: 99%

The detection of K-ras mutations in colorectal cancer using the amplification-refractory mutation system

Fox

England²,

White³

et al. 1998

Br J Cancer

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Summary A total of 301 colorectal carcinoma (CRC) archival samples were analysed using the amplification-refractory mutation system (ARMS). Each sample was examined to determine the mutation status of codons 12 and 13 of the K-ras oncogene. The results from direct DNA sequence analysis carried out on 30 of the samples differed from the ARMS result in almost 50% of the cases as a result of the relative excess of wild-type to mutated DNA sequences. To assess the validity of the ARMS data, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to generate an amplicon from K-ras exon from 23 of the samples. The PCR amplicons were cloned and sequenced, and the DNA sequence analysis of the cloned material was in agreement with the ARMS results in all but one case. This case represented a tumour that exhibited a five-nucleotide reversed inversion. The cloned sequence data confirm the sensitivity and specificity of the individual ARMS reactions and that it is possible in certain cases to detect additional, more complex, sequence variations.

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Systematic Population-Based Assessment of Cancer Risk in First-Degree Relatives of Cancer Probands

Abstract: This study represents a unique comprehensive population-based study of familial cancer. The familial associations reported here will be useful in generating hypotheses about specific genetic and environmental factors that can be tested in genetic linkage and case-control studies.

Cited by 922 publications

References 0 publications

Family history of cancer and risk of colorectal cancer in Italy

Family history of cancer and risk of colorectal cancer in Italy

Excess of early onset multiple myeloma in endometrial cancer probands and their relatives suggests common susceptibility

The detection of K-ras mutations in colorectal cancer using the amplification-refractory mutation system

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