Systematic mass rearing and release ofMicroctonus hyperodae (Hym.: Braconidae, Euphorinae), a parasitoid of the argentine stem weevilListronotus bonariensis (Col.: Curculionidae) and records of its establishment in New Zealand

Goldson, S. L.; McNeill, M.R.; Proffitt, J. R.; Barker, G. M.; Addison, P. J.; Barratt, B. I. P.; Ferguson, C. M.

doi:10.1007/bf02373087

Cited by 70 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(6 reference statements)

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“…The mean duration of the full cycle (egg-adult) was 22.4 ± 1.1 days, including 11 to 14 days (mean of 12.7 ± 1.1 days) for the eggpupa period, and 9 to 13 days (mean 10.7 ± 0.95 days) for the pupa-adult period. These values were very close to those found by Goldson et al (1993), who reported a life cycle of 22.4 days for M. hyperodae raised on L. bonariensis, although variations in fecundity can be different according to habitats, exposure to the host and genetically distinct populations (Phillips et al, 1996;Winder et al, 1997).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

“…in this study was lower than results found by other authors, who investigated different species and host/ parasitoid densities. In the New Zealand, the mean parasitism rate of L. bonariensis by Microctonus hyperodae was 58.7% (Goldson et al, 1993), with a ratio of 40 beetles : 1 female parasitoid. Fusco & Hower (1974) found a maximum parasitism of 51.6% when Hypera postica was parasitized by M. aethiops with 50:1 ratio, with a low percentage of premature mortality.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Biology of Microctonus sp. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a parasitoid of Cyrtomon luridus BOH. (Coleoptera: Ccurculionidae)

Tironi¹,

Treuenfels²,

Parra³

2004

Sci. agric. (Piracicaba, Braz.)

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Cyrtomon luridus (Boh.), a native insect of wild Solanaceae, has adapted to the medicinal plant Duboisia sp., introduced from Australia, causing damages up to 100% mortality. Microctonus sp. is the most important natural enemy of C. luridus and its potential for biological control was investigated in this work. This study was carried out in Arapongas, Paraná State, Brazil, from 1994 to 1996. Parasitism of C. luridus by Microctonus sp. was highest from February through June (maximum of 54% in May 1996), when the C. luridus adult population was decreasing. The female sex ratio of Microctonus sp. under natural conditions was 0.57 to 0.69, which was close to 1 male : 2 female. Production of males occurs parthenogetically (arrhenotoky). In the laboratory, parasitism reached 40% when two adult C. luridus were exposed per parasitoid. The number of Microctonus sp. adults that emerged per parasitized beetle ranged from 4.7 to 14.2. Larvalpupal viability was 31.7 to 64.8% and the female sex ratio ranged from 0.0 to 0.37, with prevalence of males. The egg-pupal period was 12.7 days and the pupal-adult period was 10.7 days, resulting in a mean life cycle (egg-adult) of 22.4 days for this parasitoid (25ºC, 70% R.H.). This is the first report of a new species of Microctonus sp. in C. luridus.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Biology of Microctonus sp. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a parasitoid of Cyrtomon luridus BOH. (Coleoptera: Ccurculionidae)

Tironi¹,

Treuenfels²,

Parra³

2004

Sci. agric. (Piracicaba, Braz.)

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“…The pest was self-introduced, first discovered in 1927, and by the 1980s was causing 74-251 million New Zealand dollars of damage per annum (19). A parasitoid species from its native range was introduced in 1991 and provided successful control, with peak parasitism rates of 80 to 90% in the early years (20)(21)(22). However, there has been emerging evidence of recent declines in…”

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confidence: 99%

Intensified agriculture favors evolved resistance to biological control

Tomasetto

Tylianakis

Reale

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

109

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Increased regulation of chemical pesticides and rapid evolution of pesticide resistance have increased calls for sustainable pest management. Biological control offers sustainable pest suppression, partly because evolution of resistance to predators and parasitoids is prevented by several factors (e.g., spatial or temporal refuges from attacks, reciprocal evolution by control agents, and contrasting selection pressures from other enemy species). However, evolution of resistance may become more probable as agricultural intensification reduces the availability of refuges and diversity of enemy species, or if control agents have genetic barriers to evolution. Here we use 21 y of field data from 196 sites across New Zealand to show that parasitism of a key pasture pest (Listronotus bonariensis; Argentine stem weevil) by an introduced parasitoid (Microctonus hyperodae) was initially nationally successful but then declined by 44% (leading to pasture damage of c. 160 million New Zealand dollars per annum). This decline was not attributable to parasitoid numbers released, elevation, or local climatic variables at sample locations. Rather, in all locations the decline began 7 y (14 host generations) following parasitoid introduction, despite releases being staggered across locations in different years. Finally, we demonstrate experimentally that declining parasitism rates occurred in ryegrass Lolium perenne, which is grown nationwide in high-intensity was significantly less than in adjacent plots of a less-common pasture grass (Lolium multiflorum), indicating that resistance to parasitism is host plant-dependent. We conclude that low plant and enemy biodiversity in intensive large-scale agriculture may facilitate the evolution of host resistance by pests and threaten the long-term viability of biological control.attack rates | GAMM | invasive species | meta-analysis | natural enemy

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“…presumed "ecotypes" were imported from diverse South American r zones (Goldson et al, 1990;Goldson et aL, 1993c). Seven of the ecotype~ originated from Concepcion, La Serena (Chile), Porto Alegre (Brazil), Colonia (Uruguay) and Ascasubi, General Roca, Bariloche (Argentina).…”

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confidence: 99%

An investigation into the reproductive characteristics ofMicroctonus hyperodae (Hym.: braconidae), a parasitoid ofListronotus bonariensis (Col.: Curculionidae)

et al. 1995

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The reproductive tract of the parasitoid Microctonus hyperodae was found to comprise 6.1 + 0.2 ovarioles containing a total of 40-60 o(Scytes. After oviposition into its host Listronotus bonariensis, the parasitoid's egg volume increased by 205 times prior to hatching. At 19.1 ~ ovipositing M. hyperodae survived for a mean 21 + 4 days and laid a mean of 48 + 8 eggs. M. hyperodae collected from Colonia, Uruguay laid a mean of 62 + 15 eggs which was significantly more than the other ecotypes. Under caging conditions with an ample supply of hosts, M.hyperodae laid 51% of its eggs in the first 72 hours and on average 41% of the species' life-span occurred after the exhaustion of its egg supply. Minimum temperature for M. hyperodae oviposition was found to be c. 5 ~ beyond this the rate of increase in egg-laying was approximately linear until 30 ~ whereafter the rate fell abruptly. There was effectively no egg-laying at 39 ~ The parasitoid showed no preference for one host sex or the other either in the laboratory or under field conditions. Compared to other Microctonus spp., M. hyperodae appeared to show low fecundity and high longevity. The adaptive implications of this are discussed.

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Systematic mass rearing and release ofMicroctonus hyperodae (Hym.: Braconidae, Euphorinae), a parasitoid of the argentine stem weevilListronotus bonariensis (Col.: Curculionidae) and records of its establishment in New Zealand

Cited by 70 publications

References 17 publications

Biology of Microctonus sp. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a parasitoid of Cyrtomon luridus BOH. (Coleoptera: Ccurculionidae)

Biology of Microctonus sp. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a parasitoid of Cyrtomon luridus BOH. (Coleoptera: Ccurculionidae)

Intensified agriculture favors evolved resistance to biological control

An investigation into the reproductive characteristics ofMicroctonus hyperodae (Hym.: braconidae), a parasitoid ofListronotus bonariensis (Col.: Curculionidae)

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