Most recent advances for phosphorus (P) recovery using brewery yeast on laboratory scale were used to scale up to a pilot‐scale process (BioP‐Rec module) and applied in a full‐scale wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). A P balance was established for WWTP Markranstädt according to two thresholds: (1) the economic feasibility threshold for P recovery of 0.05 kg/m3 of free P, and (2) the German Sewage Sludge Ordinance (GSSO) threshold, which demands that all WWTPs with a P content in dry matter (DM) of biosolids of 20 gP/kgDM or higher in the coming years must perform mandatory P recovery. In terms of defined thresholds, return and excess sludges were identified as the most feasible WWTP process streams for P recovery. In a 1 m3 BioP‐Rec module a 3 stage process was established. From the P‐rich water‐phase of the return sludge produced in stage 1, which contained 0.051 kg/m3 of free P, 77.56% was taken up by P‐depleted brewer's yeast Saccharomyces pastorianus in 3 h in stage 2. In stage 3, the yeast was concentrated in 1 h to produce yeast sludge as a fertilizer product. We demonstrated a novel pilot‐scale process for the production of bio‐based P‐rich fertilizer.