Systematic investigation of pipe flows and installation effects using laser Doppler anemometry—Part I. Profile measurements downstream of several pipe configurations and flow conditioners

Wendt, G.; Mickan, Bodo; Kramer, Rainer; Dopheide, D.

doi:10.1016/s0955-5986(97)00003-4

Cited by 27 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…6a) typically generate cross-flows, which usually produce two counter-rotating vortices downstream from the curve. Such behaviour is already observed by means of experiments [12,[34][35][36], as well as CFD simulations [19]. Double-elbow out-of-plane installations (Fig.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 62%

On the effect of the mounting angle on single-path transit-time ultrasonic flow measurement of flare gas: a numerical analysis

Martins

Andrade

Ramos

2019

J Braz. Soc. Mech. Sci. Eng.

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The oil and gas industry needs accurate flow measurement since it is required by law, and so, considered as a field of legal metrology. Nevertheless, curves and other commonly found obstacles may affect the quality of flow measurements, due to disturbances to the flow, such as swirl and asymmetries in the velocity profile. Single-path ultrasonic flow meters are often used to measure the flow rate in flare gas installations, even though they are sensitive to such disturbances. The present paper uses numerical tools to obtain disturbed flow fields downstream from single-and double-elbow pipe installations, aiming to investigate the effects of the mounting angle on disturbed ultrasonic flow measurements, taking into consideration the contributions of all velocity components. Several transducer mounting angles from 0° to 180° are assessed varying the Reynolds numbers (based on the pipe diameter D) from 10 4 to 2 × 10 6 and axial positions up to 80D downstream from the curve. Results indicate that the correction factors for installation effects are mostly greater than in the guidelines and regulations, which suggests that, in real situations, the flow rate is being underestimated. Moreover, badly located measuring installations may be upgraded just by changing the mounting angle of the ultrasonic transducers.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 62%

On the effect of the mounting angle on single-path transit-time ultrasonic flow measurement of flare gas: a numerical analysis

Martins

Andrade

Ramos

2019

J Braz. Soc. Mech. Sci. Eng.

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“…Given the sound path position, the upstream straight pipe length and the meter transverse angle, the flow field under different flow velocities are simulated and the related K -factors of the meter are calculated according to equation (4). Then the standard derivation of K -factor can be calculated according to (5) and (6) [19].K…”

Section: B Optimal Sound Path Position Of Square-shaped Ultrasonic Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The performance of multi-path ultrasonic flowmeter with a circular pipe geometry under a complex flow with strong asymmetric and swirling velocity profiles have been investigated by experiments [4], [5], theoretical analyses [6]- [8], and computer simulations [9], [10]. Compared to the ultrasonic flowmeter with circular pipe geometry, the ultrasonic flowmeter with square-shaped duct or even triangular duct is not common but has caught attention [11]- [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CFD-Aided Investigation of Sound Path Position and Orientation for a Dual-Path Ultrasonic Flowmeter With Square Pipe

Zhao

Peng

Takahashi³

et al. 2015

IEEE Sensors J.

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This paper discusses the issues with a dual-path ultrasonic flowmeter with square-shaped pipe using CFD simulations, which include the sound path position, installation orientation, and effect of straight pipe length on the performance of the meter. By analyzing the flow field inside a single-elbow pipeline and T-shaped pipeline, the correction factor for the dual-path square-shaped ultrasonic flowmeter with respect to the change of Reynolds number is calculated. The optimal sound path position and orientation are investigated. Simulation results indicate that the optimal sound path position is located at the position of 0.65 times the half side length of square pipe crosssection. The upstream straight pipe length requirements for a single-elbow pipeline and a T-shaped pipeline are determined, which are at least 20-D and 50-D, respectively. Preliminary experiments are carried out and validate the simulations. The results are helpful for the design and practical applications of square-shaped ultrasonic flowmeter.Index Terms-Ultrasonic flowmeter, CFD, square-shaped pipe, sound path, flow profile.

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“…where L is the path length, c the velocity of sound, v z (l) the axial flow velocity measured at point l along the path and φ the inclination angle. The expression of the path velocity can be obtained by substituting (1) into (2),…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3J-2 Access of Asymmetric Fluid Velocity Profile in High Precision Ultrasonic Velocimetry

Mandard

Kouamé

Battault³

et al. 2006

2006 IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium

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A transit time ultrasonic flowmeter is a very accurate tool to measure the volumetric flowrate of a fluid flowing in a pipe. To estimate the flowrate, the fluid velocity averaged over the cross-section of the pipe has to be estimated from the fluid velocities averaged over the paths of the flowmeter. That is the reason why the velocity profile of the fluid, which depends on not only the Reynolds number but also on the upstream and downstream pipe configuration, is of great interest in transit time flowmetering. In this work, we propose to reconstruct the fluid velocity profile by using the measures of a 18 paths flowmeter measures to offer an in situ diagnostic tool of the flow. We first test tomography methods: filtered back-projection and then an iterative one, the Algebraic Reconstruction Technique (ART). These methods are not really appropriate to our context of incomplete data. We have previously [1] defined a theoretical parametric model of the velocity profile which allows to in situ detect and characterize the asymmetry of the flow. We defined in this work a new parametric model which has a flowrate function of the asymmetry of the profile. It also has the advantage of determining the parameters of the symmetric term of the model in taking into account the asymmetric part of the profile. This new profile is a promising way in increasing the accuracy of the flowmeter in disturbed flow condition by taking into account the additional information provided by the velocity profile reconstruction.

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Systematic investigation of pipe flows and installation effects using laser Doppler anemometry—Part I. Profile measurements downstream of several pipe configurations and flow conditioners

Cited by 27 publications

References 11 publications

On the effect of the mounting angle on single-path transit-time ultrasonic flow measurement of flare gas: a numerical analysis

On the effect of the mounting angle on single-path transit-time ultrasonic flow measurement of flare gas: a numerical analysis

CFD-Aided Investigation of Sound Path Position and Orientation for a Dual-Path Ultrasonic Flowmeter With Square Pipe

3J-2 Access of Asymmetric Fluid Velocity Profile in High Precision Ultrasonic Velocimetry

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