Systematic importance of achene macro‐micromorphological characteristics in selected species of the genera Crupina, Jurinea, and Klasea (Asteraceae) from Turkey

Abstract

This study focuses on the macro-micromorphological achene characteristics of 12 species of the genera Crupina, Jurinea, and Klasea (Asteraceae) using light microscopy and the scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The morphological characteristics of the achenes, including shape, size, color, and surface pattern of achene, and hair structure, length, and color of pappus are studied. The results show that the achene length is between 3 and 8 mm, and its width is between 1 and 4 mm. Pappus is 4-15 mm long and persistent for seven species. SEM analysis shows four different achene surface patterns for the studied species: smooth, undulate, smooth-undulate, and undulate-ruminate. The genus Crupina has darkly colored achenes with yellow, dense firm hairs, and the achene surface pattern is smooth. Triangular and sulcate achenes seem to characteristic for the genus Jurinea. The genus Klasea distinguished from the remaining species studied with its straw-colored and deciduous pappus. Macro-micromorphological characteristics provide effective tools for both generic and intrageneric differentiation for the studied species. Research Highlights • In the genus Crupina, the achene is darkly colored with yellow, dense firm hairs, the pappus is red-purple above and yellow below, and the achene surface pattern is smooth. • The genus Jurinea can easily be separated from the remaining studied species with their triangular and sulcate achenes. • A straw-colored and deciduous pappus seems to be characteristic of the genus Klasea. • Achene macro-micromorphological characteristics provide useful tools that help the identification of the delimitation of the species.

Taxonomic significance of morphological and elemental characteristics of achenes of Artemisia genus from Turkey

“…The kinds of anticlinal and periclinal cell walls, and epidermal cell forms of the examined taxa disclose differences among taxa. The macro and micromorphological results of this search are separated all taxa studied from each other, and they are consistent with the previous works including the exomorphic characters of achenes of the family Asteraceae (Aksu Kalmuk et al, 2018;Ayaz et al, 2020;Bona, 2020;Bona et al, 2023;Cos ¸kunçelebi et al, 2016;Karaismailo glu, 2015a;Özbek et al, 2018;Şirin et al, 2017;Vakulenko et al, 2020).…”

“…The morphological structures of the achenes offer important data in connection with the evolutionary relationships of the flowering plants (Corner, 1976; Karaismailoğlu, 2015b). Achene morphological characteristics have so far been comprehensively performed to elucidate inter‐species relatives within various genera of the family Asteraceae (Bona, 2020; Bona et al, 2023; Ghimire et al, 2018; Karaismailoğlu, 2015b; Şirin et al, 2017). This is the first investigation to display the morphological features and elemental contents of the achenes of Turkish Artemisia , and it could be a pioneering work for the next studies in many related genera.…”

Taxonomic significance of seed macro‐micromorphology of Turkish Alcea L. (Malvaceae) through light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy

“…The seed morphological characteristics of the family Malvaceae are consistent and very useful for the delimitation of taxa in this family (Abid et al, 2016; Ahmed & Qaiser, 1989; Ather et al, 2009; Kirkbride et al, 2006; Özbek & Uzunhisarcıklı, 2020a; 2020b). SEM has revealed the significant morphological features for the identification of species (Bona, 2020; Luqman et al, 2019; Özbek et al, 2018; Özbek & Uzunhisarcıklı, 2020a; 2020b). In this research, LM and SEM were used to observe the seed macro‐ and micromorphological properties for members of Alcea from Turkey.…”

Morphological and Genomic Differences in the Italian Populations of Onopordum tauricum Willd.—A New Source of Vegetable Rennet

“…Significant differences between the two groups of populations were finally found in the size (height, width) and shape (BX, BY, perimeter, area) of the fruits. Indeed, micro- and macromorphological characteristics of Asteraceae achenes have been used for the identification and systematics of numerous genera [ 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 ] and have been found to be very useful for taxonomic diagnosis in many critical genera, such as Centaurea [ 74 , 77 , 78 , 79 , 80 , 81 , 82 , 83 , 84 , 85 , 86 , 87 ]. The characteristics that were found to be more diagnostic are: shape, size, pericarp texture and color, surface structure, hilum position, and pappus hairs.…”