Systematic Flexible Antenna Performance Study of V-folding Percentage Influence

Abstract

In wireless technology, microstrip patch antennas are often used in communication systems with various designs. However, the effect of geometrically folded antennas on wireless communication performance is unclear. To address this problem, an in-depth study of the flexible antenna parameters was performed through V-folding analysis. A systematic and complete analysis of the percentage of folding in patch antennas was performed. The folding of patch antennas is expected to become mandatory because patch antennas are integrated and molded according to specified object shapes. The designed antenna was operated at 0.1-5.0 GHz to investigate the folding performance in the frequency range of 1.00-3.78 GHz used in many wireless applications, such as GPS, GSM, and LTE standards. A promising operating frequency for flat (unfold) antennas is 1.42 GHz with an achieved multiband bandwidth of 31.6 MHz, which shifted according to the folding angle 'a' but with good performance. The results of this study can be used to predict the performance of an antenna when it is placed on a product of any shape, according to the designed object pattern.

Innovative Methodology to Improve Flexible Antenna Percentage V-folding Performance

“…When the height of the substrate is increased, certain areas of radiating face iterate for the best-holding fringing effect. Finally, the reduction in the metallic surface in the ground plane is made to maintain the performance [31] and is monitored through the simulation process. It is known that small changes in FPA design will certainly change its performance.…”

“…One of the roadblocks for antenna design engineers is to find reliable solutions integrable into future electronic and communication devices. In this optics, research works are currently going on to identify the highest performance integrable antenna by considering uncommon geometrical shapes, which leads to the development of flexible antennas [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32]. Innovative flexible and robust antenna designs have been developed for different applications [26,27].…”

“…According to the targeted applications, geometrically flexible antenna design adapted to wearable-device shapes must be developed [6-8, 10, 11]. It can be noticed that solutions involving FPAs [24,25,[30][31][32][33] using different substrates have become a trend.…”

“…Despite the progressive research work on flexible antenna design [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37], further academic research is necessary to develop relevant methodology enabling radiation performances. In the present study, an innovative FPA design methodology is introduced through a wise conceptualization of folding percentage (FP) in two ways.…”

“…• In Section 4, the improvement of V-folded FPA performance is evaluated by means of the gain (G), directivity (D), total efficiency, resonance frequency (F r ), bandwidth (BW ), and S 11 . The proposed analysis is elaborated by theoretical considerations reported previously [30,31]. • The prototypes and challenging test setups concerning the FP are revealed in Section 5.…”