Systematic evaluation of factors controlling Perkinsus marinus transmission dynamics in lower Chesapeake Bay

Calvo, Lisa M. Ragone; Dungan, Christopher F.; Roberson, Bob S.; Burreson, Eugene M.

doi:10.3354/dao056075

Cited by 52 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…High temperatures are well known to promote the propagation of this parasite in vitro and in vivo in laboratories studies , Dungan & Hamilton 1995, La Peyre et al 2008. In field studies, increased infection intensities of P. marinus in eastern oysters have consistently been recorded when temperatures exceed 20°C and at salinity >12−15, leading to peak mortalities following summer high temperatures (Ray 1954, Mackin 1962, Ragone Calvo et al 2003b.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Better characterization or understanding of the processes involved in disease resistance to dermo may lead in the future to the development of specific markers for use in candidate gene or marker-assisted selection (Cancela et al 2010, La Peyre et al 2010. This is important for the development of off-bottom aquaculture at high salinity, an environmental condition that is well known to increase eastern oyster growth rate but also dermo-related mortalities (Ragone Calvo et al 2003b, Kraeuter et al 2007, Bushek et al 2012.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interval mortality and cumulative mortality were calculated as described by Ragone Calvo et al (2003b).…”

Section: Mortalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Performance of oysters selected for dermo resistance compared to wild oysters in northern Gulf of Mexico estuaries

Casas¹,

Walton²,

Chaplin³

et al. 2017

Aquacult. Environ. Interact.

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The performance of the progeny of eastern oysters Crassostrea virginica from Louisiana selected for resistance to dermo, caused by Perkinsus marinus (referred to as 'OBOY') and of wild oysters collected from Louisiana (Calcasieu Lake) and Alabama (Cedar Point, Perdido Pass), USA, estuaries was compared for their potential use in aquaculture. Seed oysters from each stock were deployed in September 2011 at 2 dermo-endemic sites, Dauphin Island and Sandy Bay, Alabama, using an adjustable longline system, and their survival and shell heights were monitored bimonthly. P. marinus infection intensity and condition index were measured at deployment and in March, July and September 2012. The OBOY stock showed lower mortality than the unselected stocks (Cedar Point, Perdido Pass, Calcasieu Lake) at Dauphin Island, and both Louisiana stocks had lower mortality than the Alabama stocks at Sandy Bay, a slightly more saline site. Mortality increased in summer, especially between July and September, concomitant with increasing P. marinus infection intensities at the higher temperatures and favorable salinities. At the higher salinity site, both Louisiana stocks had lower P. marinus infection intensities than the Perdido Pass stock, the stock with the highest percentage of oysters with moderate and heavy infection and cumulative mortality. The OBOY stock reached greater mean shell height than Calcasieu Lake and Perdido Pass stocks. Condition index of the oyster stocks decreased by more than half between March and July following expected spawning. Differences in stock performance highlight the importance of stock selection for aquaculture in dermo-endemic estuaries of the northern Gulf of Mexico.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Performance of oysters selected for dermo resistance compared to wild oysters in northern Gulf of Mexico estuaries

Casas¹,

Walton²,

Chaplin³

et al. 2017

Aquacult. Environ. Interact.

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“…Estimates of annual mortality during this time ranged from 10 to 30% of oysters nearing market size in the summer prior to their fall harvest (Report of the Virginia Fisheries Laboratory, 1959). Perkinsus remains a problem to this day, becoming much more severe in Chesapeake Bay in the 1980s (Burreson and Andrews, 1988;Ragone and Burreson, 1993;Burreson and Ragone-Calvo, 1996;Ragone Calvo et al, 2003;Wilberg et al, 2011), when mortalities of adults due to Dermo were over 90% of age 2+ adults/year in many areas of the Bay (Figure 2). Mortality has since declined from this peak, but it remains a significant impediment to oyster population recovery at present.…”

Section: Advent Of Oyster Disease and Its Impact On The Fishery And Rmentioning

confidence: 99%

History of the Virginia Oyster Fishery, Chesapeake Bay, USA

Schulte

2017

Front. Mar. Sci.

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Oyster populations in Virginia's waters of Chesapeake Bay were lightly exploited until the early 1800s, when industrial fishery vessels first arrived, driven south from New England due to the collapse of northeastern oyster fisheries. Early signs of overexploitation and habitat degradation were evident by the 1850s. The public fishery, where oyster fishers harvest on state-owned bottom, rapidly developed after the Civil War and peaked in the early 1880s. Declines were noted by the late 1880s and eventually prompted the creation of Virginia's shell-planting and oyster-seed (young-of-the-year, YOY) moving repletion program in the 1920s. Despite management and increasing repletion efforts, the public fishery collapsed (annual landings <10% of peak historical landings) by the early 1960s. The private leasehold fishery, in which individuals rent areas outside the public grounds to plant shells and oysters for their own private use, surpassed the public fishery by the late 1920s, which partly masked this decline due to overfishing, habitat degradation, and diseases until both public and private fisheries completely collapsed in the mid-1980s after a third disease outbreak. This disease outbreak was likely related to warming waters. Overfishing and concomitant habitat loss followed a pattern of sequential population collapses observed in wild oyster fisheries along the Coastlines of the United States and worldwide. In recent years, expanding hatchery-produced seed oysters and aquaculture significantly increased leasehold landings. The wild fishery has also increased as disease resistance is developing naturally in the wild stocks, but remains ∼5% of peak landings. Improved management has assisted in this recent limited recovery, improving these efforts further by enhancing stock recovery via large no-take sanctuaries, among other actions, could assist in stock recovery.

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“…The results demonstrating that P. marinus does not induce pathology in humanized mice should not to be interpreted as the lack of potential pathological reactions in humans consuming P. marinus -infected oysters. However it is noteworthy that in some geographical areas such as the Chesapeake Bay (USA) the prevalence of P. marinus -infected oysters is very high [15], [58], but no significant epidemiological reports have been associated with oyster consumption (http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/fa178). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Humanized HLA-DR4 Mice Fed with the Protozoan Pathogen of Oysters Perkinsus Marinus (Dermo) Do Not Develop Noticeable Pathology but Elicit Systemic Immunity

et al. 2014

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Perkinsus marinus (Phylum Perkinsozoa) is a marine protozoan parasite responsible for “Dermo” disease in oysters, which has caused extensive damage to the shellfish industry and estuarine environment. The infection prevalence has been estimated in some areas to be as high as 100%, often causing death of infected oysters within 1–2 years post-infection. Human consumption of the parasites via infected oysters is thus likely to occur, but to our knowledge the effect of oral consumption of P. marinus has not been investigated in humans or other mammals. To address the question we used humanized mice expressing HLA-DR4 molecules and lacking expression of mouse MHC-class II molecules (DR4.EA0) in such a way that CD4 T cell responses are solely restricted by the human HLA-DR4 molecule. The DR4.EA0 mice did not develop diarrhea or any detectable pathology in the gastrointestinal tract or lungs following single or repeated feedings with live P. marinus parasites. Furthermore, lymphocyte populations in the gut associated lymphoid tissue and spleen were unaltered in the parasite-fed mice ruling out local or systemic inflammation. Notably, naïve DR4.EA0 mice had antibodies (IgM and IgG) reacting against P. marinus parasites whereas parasite specific T cell responses were undetectable. Feeding with P. marinus boosted the antibody responses and stimulated specific cellular (IFNγ) immunity to the oyster parasite. Our data indicate the ability of P. marinus parasites to induce systemic immunity in DR4.EA0 mice without causing noticeable pathology, and support rationale grounds for using genetically engineered P. marinus as a new oral vaccine platform to induce systemic immunity against infectious agents.

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Systematic evaluation of factors controlling Perkinsus marinus transmission dynamics in lower Chesapeake Bay

Cited by 52 publications

References 12 publications

Performance of oysters selected for dermo resistance compared to wild oysters in northern Gulf of Mexico estuaries

Performance of oysters selected for dermo resistance compared to wild oysters in northern Gulf of Mexico estuaries

History of the Virginia Oyster Fishery, Chesapeake Bay, USA

Humanized HLA-DR4 Mice Fed with the Protozoan Pathogen of Oysters Perkinsus Marinus (Dermo) Do Not Develop Noticeable Pathology but Elicit Systemic Immunity

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