Systematic evaluation of evidence on veterinary viscoelastic testing Part 2: Sample acquisition and handling

Abstract

Jugular venipuncture is recommended, but samples from IV catheters can be used. Consistent technique is important for serial sampling, and standardized sampling protocols are recommended for individual centers performing TEG/ROTEM. There is insufficient evidence to recommend use of a specific blood collection system, although use of evacuated blood tubes and 21-Ga or larger needles is suggested. Use of 3.2% buffered sodium citrate in a strict 1:9 ratio of citrate to blood is suggested. Suggested tube draw order is discard/serum, followed by citrate, EDTA, and then heparin. Samples should be held at room temperature for 30 minutes prior to analysis.

A prospective evaluation of oral Yunnan Baiyao therapy on thromboleastographic parameters in apparently healthy dogs

“…The dogs were restrained and blood samples obtained from the jugular vein in all dogs. The blood was collected into blood tubes with 3.2% buffered sodium citrate solution in a 1:9 ratio following collection of a discard volume as per current recommendations . All blood samples were stored at room temperature for 30 minutes prior to the TEG being performed by the principal investigator.…”

“…In accordance with the current recommendations, 1 milliliter of citrated whole blood was placed in a 1% kaolin vial, which was then inverted 5 times to ensure appropriate sample activation. Following activation, 340 μL of citrated whole blood and 20 μL of CaCl 2 were pipetted into a cuvette used in the TEG analyzer .…”

Differences between coagulation and cytokine profiles in dogs of different ages

“…Cytokine plasma concentrations were determined using a canine-specific multiplex assay that included internal control material (CCYTOMAG-90K, Millipore) on an automated analyser (Bio-Plex 200, Bio-Rad). The TEM assay (ROTEM, Pentapharm) was performed according to recent Partnership on Rotational ViscoElastic Test Standardisation (PROVETS) recommendations (Flatland et al, 2014). Three profiles were evaluated: (1) intrinsic TEM (inTEM) profile to evaluate the intrinsic pathway;…”

A review of hyperfibrinolysis in cats and dogs

“…Samples for TEG and ROTEM are collected in 3.2% buffered sodium citrate, and standardised sampling protocols are utilised (Flatland et al 2014). Before testing, samples are recalcified, in vitro coagulation is accelerated, and pre-analytical errors are reduced with the use of contact activators (Wiinberg et al 2005, Bauer & Moritz 2009).…”