Systematic evaluation of a flat-heat-pipe-based thermal management: Cell-to-cell variations and battery ageing

Liang, Zhaojian; Wang, R.; Malt, A. Howard; Souri, Maryam; Esfahani, Mohammad Nasr; Jabbari, Masoud

doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2021.116934

Cited by 42 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…A HP lowers temperature and improves battery performance, according to the research. The proposed system could keep the highest cell temperature below 50°C and the TDs between cells of different lengths and widths below 5°C, according to Liang et al 148 evaluation of the influence of flat HP TM on cell‐to‐cell variation. It was discovered that the cell's poor thermal diffusivity made it impossible to keep the thickness‐wise TD below 5°C.…”

Section: Overview Of Nanofluidmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of Li‐ion battery temperature control and a key future perspective on cutting‐edge cooling methods for electrical vehicle applications

Wankhede,

More,

Kamble

2024

Energy Storage

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Covid‐19 has given us a new way to look at our globe with regards to minimise air and noise pollution and thereby upgrading global environmental conditions. This positive pandemic outcome indicates that green energy is the future of energy, and one new origin of green energy is lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). Electric vehicles are constructed with LIBs, but they have a number of disadvantages, including poor thermal performance, thermal runaway, fire dangers and a higher discharge rate in low‐ and high‐temperature conditions. The underlying fault of LIBs is their temperature reactivity. Extreme temperatures and challenging working circumstances can cause lithium‐ion cells to malfunction and cause the battery pack (BP) to overheat. For optimal performance in vehicles and long‐term LIB durability, LIBs must be thermally managed within their operating temperature span. This paper presents an overview of several cooling strategies used to maintain the internal BP temperature. This paper discusses cooling techniques using air, liquid and phase change material (PCM), heat pipe. Additionally, various BP configurations and heat generation techniques are explored. This research also discusses the usage of nanomaterials to address the BP's heat‐related problems. This study emphasises the use of nanomaterial to boost the heat conductivity of coolant in order to raise the batteries temperature into their ideal working range (PCM as well as liquid cooling). This article also provides some of the research gaps that have been found and the crucial areas on which attention should be directed in order to build the best lithium‐ion battery thermal management system technology.

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Section: Overview Of Nanofluidmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of Li‐ion battery temperature control and a key future perspective on cutting‐edge cooling methods for electrical vehicle applications

Wankhede,

More,

Kamble

2024

Energy Storage

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“…For a larger battery pack investigated by Xu et al., using a flat single-channel heat pipe combined with water cooling is not sufficient for the requirement of heat dissipation, additional coolers are essential. Meanwhile, as found by Liang et al., the cooling demand will increase markedly when a battery pack with large manufacture tolerance and aged cells is applied. To achieve better control of temperature for large battery packs operating at transient cycles, Wu et al, Zhang et al, Abbs et al, and Tang et al adopted BTMSs based on flat single-channel heat pipes combined with a phase change material (PCM) plate and air cooling or water cooling method (Figure ); their results showed that when this new type of BTMSs is applied, battery temperature could be much lower than that of the BTMS based on only PCM, implying that the application of a hybrid cooling method is beneficial for the heat evacuation for Li-ion batteries.…”

Section: Btmss Based On Flat Single-channel Heat Pipesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigations of Li-Ion Battery Thermal Management Systems Based on Heat Pipes: A Review

Wu,

Niu,

Shao

et al. 2023

ACS Omega

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With increasing concerns about carbon emissions and the resulting climate impacts, Li-ion batteries have become one of the most attractive energy sources, especially in the transportation sector. For Li-ion batteries, an effective thermal management system is essential to ensure high-efficiency operation, avoid capacity degradation, and eliminate safety issues. Thermal management systems based on heat pipes can achieve excellent cooling performance in limited space and thus have been widely used for the temperature control of Li-ion batteries. In this paper, the thermal management systems of Li-ion batteries based on four types of heat pipes, i.e., flat single-channel heat pipes, oscillating heat pipes, flexible heat pipes, and microchannel heat pipes, are comprehensively reviewed based on the studies in the past 20 years. The effects of different influencing factors on the cooling performance and thermal runaway behavior of Li-ion batteries are thoroughly discussed in order to provide an in-depth understanding for researchers and engineers. It is concluded that for all types of thermal management systems based on heat pipes, water spray cooling could achieve better cooling performance than forced air cooling and water bath cooling, while its energy consumption is obviously smaller than forced air cooling. For thermal management systems based on oscillating heat pipes, improved heat transfer characteristics could be achieved by increasing the number of turns, using a relatively larger inner hydraulic diameter and using a length ratio between the evaporator and condenser higher than 1.0. Heat pipes fabricated by flexible materials suffer from permeation of noncondensable gases from ambient and leakage of working fluid. These issues could be partly resolved by adding thermal vias filled with metallic materials and covering the sealing part with indium coating or designing a multilayered structure with metallic materials in it. Moreover, the limitations and future trends of Li-ion battery thermal management systems based on heat pipes are presented. It is pointed out that the thermal runaway behavior and heating performance of battery thermal management systems based on heat pipes should be further elaborated. The analysis of this paper could provide valuable support for future investigations on Li-ion battery thermal management systems based on heat pipes; it could also guide the choice and design of Li-ion battery thermal management systems based on heat pipes in commercial use.

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“…Heat generation has been assumed as uniform throughout the whole battery cell, as previously carried out by many researchers [14][15][16]30]. Furthermore, it has been necessary to set two different types of boundary conditions.…”

Section: Assumptionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Regarding LIB thermal management analysis, the chosen ECM architecture and parameter dependencies vary significantly. Current researchers only mention the chosen ECM architecture; Dual Polarization [14] (2021), Thevenin [15] (2021) or Rint [16] (2021) do not give a detailed explanation of the used model [17] (2016). Furthermore, the thermal properties (including the heat transfer coefficient to the environment) are fitted, showing that the model's predicted temperature agrees well with the experimentally measured temperature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Lithium-Ion-Battery Equivalent Circuit Model Parameter Dependencies and Architectures on the Predicted Heat Generation in Real-Life Drive Cycles

Auch,

Kuthada,

Giese

et al. 2023

Batteries

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This study investigates the influence of the considered Electric Equivalent Circuit Model (ECM) parameter dependencies and architectures on the predicted heat generation rate by using the Bernardi equation. For this purpose, the whole workflow, from the cell characterization tests to the cell parameter identification and finally validation studies, is examined on a cylindrical 5 Ah LG217000 Lithium-Ion-Battery (LIB) with a nickel manganese cobalt chemistry. Additionally, different test procedures are compared with respect to their result quality. For the parameter identification, a Matlab tool is developed enabling the user to generate all necessary ECMs in one run. The accuracy of the developed ECMs is evaluated by comparing voltage prediction of the experimental and simulation results for the highly dynamic World harmonized Light vehicle Test Cycle (WLTC) at different states of charges (SOCs) and ambient temperatures. The results show that parameter dependencies such as hysteresis and current are neglectable, if only the voltage results are compared. Considering the heat generation prediction, however, the neglection can result in mispredictions of up to 9% (current) or 22% (hysteresis) and hence should not be neglected. Concluding the voltage and heat generation results, this study recommends using a Dual Polarization (DP) or Thevenin ECM considering all parameter dependencies except for the charge/discharge current dependency for thermal modeling of LIBs.

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Systematic evaluation of a flat-heat-pipe-based thermal management: Cell-to-cell variations and battery ageing

Cited by 42 publications

References 43 publications

A review of Li‐ion battery temperature control and a key future perspective on cutting‐edge cooling methods for electrical vehicle applications

A review of Li‐ion battery temperature control and a key future perspective on cutting‐edge cooling methods for electrical vehicle applications

Investigations of Li-Ion Battery Thermal Management Systems Based on Heat Pipes: A Review

Influence of Lithium-Ion-Battery Equivalent Circuit Model Parameter Dependencies and Architectures on the Predicted Heat Generation in Real-Life Drive Cycles

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