Systematic dream studies: Clinical judgment and objective measurements of ego strength

Sheppard, Edith

doi:10.1016/s0010-440x(63)80051-6

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Fourth, theoretically based rating scales are more problematic than empirical rating scales because it is difficult to translate complex theoretical concepts into matters of degree. For example, in Sheppard’s (1963, 1969) scale for “ego integration” derived from psychoanalytic theory, the “body image” portion calls for a coding of “8” if there is a “bizarre deformity,” a “4” if there is a mutilation or critical injury, a “2” for a mild illness, and a “1” if there is no mention of ill health. But distinctions between bizarre deformities and mutilations may not be easily made.…”

Section: Rating Scales For Dream Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

New directions in the study of dream content using the Hall and Van de Castle coding system.

Domhoff¹

1999

Dreaming

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Both methodological and statistical innovations add to the usefulness of the Hall and Van de Castle system for the content analysis of dream reports. In addition, there are weaknesses in most rating scales for the study of dream content, and numerous methodological and statistical problems call into question many past studies of dream content. In an introduction to this special issue, these possibilities and problems are discussed and then demonstrated through a critique of the literature on gender and dream content.

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Section: Rating Scales For Dream Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

New directions in the study of dream content using the Hall and Van de Castle coding system.

Domhoff¹

1999

Dreaming

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“…It was differentiated whether threat was directed towards the dreamer or towards others in the dream. The dreamer's tendency to "distancing" was taken into consideration by Sheppard and Saul (1958) and Sheppard (1963). It was suggested that the more the dreamer portrayed his or her impulses, urges, drives and other motivating forces, as not being part of himself or herself, the more he or she put them at a distance from his or her ego.…”

Section: Degree Of "Distancing"mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various ego functions in the manifest dream were studied (Sheppard & Saul, 1958), and an ego rating system was supposed to reflect different degrees of ego awareness. The ego rating system demonstrated an advantage over clinical judgement (Sheppard, 1963). Persons who showed differences in the perceptual attitude of flexibility and rigidity as estimated from the Rorschach test, also differed along this dimension in the contents of their manifest dreams (Eidusion, 1959).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The informational value of dreams and associations

Olsson

1996

Scandinavian J Psychology

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The manifest dream has usually been the object of study by researchers, while psychotherapists mainly have paid attention to the latent content of the dream, reached through free associations. The question is which aspects of the dream, manifest content or associations, yield information about the dreamer's psychic life. In the present study it is suggested that the manifest dream to a large extent maintains thematic continuity with the dreamer's associations. However, with regard to emotions, there is no clear overlap between the information contained in the manifest dream and in its associations. The associations make the dream into the dreamer's own personal dream. Associating to a dream changes strangers into known people in the life of the dreamer. The dreamer comes to recognize aspects of himself or herself in these people. In associations, the dreamers portray themselves as more responsible of emotions, while they in dreams rather ascribe emotions to others, and they themselves become objects of these emotions. The author argues for the value of both the manifest dream in its own right and the enhanced experiental closeness afforded by the dreamer's associations.

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“…Saul & Sheppard, 1956& Sheppard, , 1958Sheppard, 1963;Sheppard & Karon, 1964) concerned with the construction and testing of psychoanalytically-derived scales for the measurement of emotional factors in manifest dreams. In particular, it is concerned with the degree co which two raters are able to agree on the scores they assign to various dream components, i.e., the reliability of the scoring, and the degree to which their reliability varies as a function of experience and training.…”

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confidence: 99%

Thematic Analysis of Dreams: Inter-Scorer Reliabilities

Sheppard

Rosenhan

1965

Percept Mot Skills

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Psychoanalytically-based scales for the analysis of emotional and cognitive contents of dreams are described. Data for inter-scorer reliability and agreement are presented for each of three series of dreams. Prior to scoring each set, the raters underwent extensive training with the Dream Scales. The data indicate that inter-scorer reliability may decrease over time, but that with training, reliabilities and coefficients of agreement are sufficiently high to warrant further exploration of the utility of the scales.

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Systematic dream studies: Clinical judgment and objective measurements of ego strength

Cited by 5 publications

References 3 publications

New directions in the study of dream content using the Hall and Van de Castle coding system.

New directions in the study of dream content using the Hall and Van de Castle coding system.

The informational value of dreams and associations

Thematic Analysis of Dreams: Inter-Scorer Reliabilities

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