“…As the underlying cognitive and system theories are built into the model, the causes of certain problems can be identified and addressed. The example below, taken from the syndetic analysis of MATIS (Duke et al, 1995), illustrates key points of the approach. This example, the use of deictic reference, brings together system considerations such as how and when deictic reference is accepted and resolved, and user issues such as what resources are needed to interact with the system via particular modalities, and how those resources are constrained.…”