“…Despite the immense opportunities that PSS offers, many manufacturing companies struggle to transition from product-to service-centric offering development Vezzoli et al, 2015). The biggest struggle typically occurs in early-stage PSS design, which is a highly uncertain period where the available knowledge is the weakest and most inconsistent across the academic fields that explore PSS (Barravecchia et al, 2020;Peruzzini and Wiesner, 2020). Nonetheless, early-stage PSS design plays a key role in the whole design process as it is where the majority of PSS impact is determined in the TBL (Alonso-Rasgado et al, 2004;Sousa-Zomer and Miguel, 2017).…”