Systematic approach to natural gas usage for domestic heating in urban areas

Abstract

To cite this version:Dejan Brkić, Toma Tanasković. Systematic approach to natural gas usage for domestic heating in urban areas. Energy, 2008, 33 (12) Dear Prof. Lior, We are grateful to referees for their suggestions. According to referees' comments, we have modified our paper "Systematic Approach to Natural Gas Usage for Domestic Heating in Urban Areas"-EGY-D-08-00110R1. We are returning our rewritten manuscript. This paper has not been published previously, it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere, and if accepted it will not be published elsewhere in substantially the same form, in English or in any other language, without the written consent of the Publisher. Also, don't forget we want to attach Electronic annex refer to our work -MS Excel file (annex DB ver3). We hope that English expression in our paper is now improved. Abstract: Natural gas can be used for satisfying population needs for heating, either directly by bringing the gas to the dwellings through the gas distribution system and combusting it in the domestic boiler (gas distribution system-G), or indirectly by combusting the natural gas in the heating plant and distributing the heat energy to the dwellings through the district heating system (district heating system-DH). The selection of a certain type of heating system is made according to the disposition of buildings in the area, their number, size, insulation quality, etc. Based on these characteristics, calculations of investments and exploitation costs have been made for both heating systems and a comparison has been made for all of the 96 presented cases. Almost each type of real settlement can be represented by one of the types of the conditional urban area which are introduced in the paper. The main goal of this paper is to establish a general model to achieve coordinated development of centralized energy supply systems fueled by natural gas, based on defined and accepted criteria. A structure analysis of centralized systems for energy supply has been done with accent on their pipelines.Keywords: Natural Gas, Settlement, Gas Distribution, District Heating, Urbanism

Advanced Iterative Procedures for Solving the Implicit Colebrook Equation for Fluid Flow Friction

“…e paper presents a fast but reliable approximations and iterative methods for pipeline hydraulics, useful for the reliable modelling of water and gas distribution networks where a large number of network simulations of random component failures and their combinations need to be automatically evaluated and statistically analyzed [84][85][86][87][88][89]. Accurate, fast, and reliable estimation of the flow friction factor is essential for the evaluation of pressure drops and flows in large network of pipes, because, for example, compression station failures can be only approximated in the transmission level by user-defined logic rules obtained from hydraulic software [81,82,[90][91][92]. Iterative solutions and approximations for the calculation of the flow friction factor are implemented in software packages which are in common use in everyday engineering practice [88].…”

Modelling of integrated multi-energy systems: Drivers, requirements, and opportunities

“…(Think, for instance, of 'vertical' urban areas with more and more high rise buildings). High density energy demand is an important factor in the installation of cost efficient, high capital expenditure (capex) infrastructure such as heat networks (besides the electricity ones), in case competing with gas networks [15]. Having the option of more networks in turn enables multiple and flexible supply of energy in district and community energy systems [16].…”

Evolutionary Optimization of Colebrook’s Turbulent Flow Friction Approximations

“…All evaluations of error were performed in MATLAB, with further confirmations in MS Excel to maintain full comparability with the study of Brkić [10] (for the use of iterative calculus in MS Excel Ver. 2007, see Brkić [11]; in Brkić and Tanasković [68], MS Excel is also used for other extensive, but non-iterative calculations). The mesh in MS Excel over the practical domain of the Reynolds number (R) and relative roughness of the inner pipe surface (ε/D) consists of n = 740 uniformly-distributed points.…”