Systematic Approach to Metabolic Diseases of Bone

Bonakdarpour, Akbar

doi:10.1007/978-1-59745-355-4_2

Cited by 2 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…The variables that impact the result of fluorosis are age, gender, nutritional calcium supplementation, intensity and time of fluoride consumption, and the efficacy of the kidney and liver in fluoride processing ( Albahri et al , 2021 ; Natesan and Kim, 2021b ). Environmental factors also play an important role in fluorosis, including relatively high temperature, reduced rainfall, low humidity, fluoride-rich subsoil rocks, foods from high fluoride belts, tropical climate, and contamination from aluminum ores ( Bonakdarpour, 2009 ; Akuno et al , 2019 ).…”

Section: Causes Of Fluorosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An adequate intake of calcium prevents fracture risk. There has recently been a debate concerning the potential connection with calcium supplements, as well as vascular calcification, which was seen in one investigation but has not been seen in several other studies involving calcium and vitamin D ( Bonakdarpour, 2009 ).…”

Section: Prevention Possible Treatment and Drug Development For Mbdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most common and familiar MBDs that occur widely around the world encompass osteoporosis, primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT), osteomalacia (tumor-induced), and fluorosis disease ( Fig. 1 ) ( Bonakdarpour, 2009 ). These mostly affect elderly females, followed by elderly males.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bone mineral metabolism necessarily requires a well-balanced, rich diet, with vitamin D and calcium, as well as moderate exercise ( Chinoy et al , 2019 ). Some readymade forms of nutritional supplements can restore the shortage of calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D in people suffering from these diseases ( Bonakdarpour, 2009 ); thus, special osteoporosis medications and attention to diet can slow down bone loss and, in certain instances, restore the lost skeletal structure. Hence, this review attempts to cover the current state of MBDs, and the emergence of novel and effective medications for their treatment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Regular bone formation, metabolic activity, and repair are dependent on the collaborative effort of such cells and the integrity of the calcium and phosphate homoeostatic processes, which also mainly involve parathyroid glands and FGF23, as well as vitamin D ( Bergwitz and Jüppner, 2010 ; Rivadeneira and Mäkitie, 2016 ). MBDs are usually caused by an individual’s internal malformations in skeletal cellular components or by anomalies in calcium and phosphorus homoeostatic processes ( Bonakdarpour, 2009 ), with osteoporosis being the most common. A generalized decrease in bone mass results from an imbalance between the rates of osteogenesis and osteoclast, which can have numerous causes, the most significant of which is estrogen insufficiency in post-menopausal women ( Tarantino et al , 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Metabolic Bone Diseases and New Drug Developments

Vijayakumar

Kim

2022

Biomol Ther (Seoul)

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Metabolic bone diseases are serious health issues worldwide, since several million individuals over the age of 50 are at risk of bone damage and should be worried about their bone health. One in every two women and one in every four men will break a bone during their lifetime due to a metabolic bone disease. Early detection, raising bone health awareness, and maintaining a balanced healthy diet may reduce the risk of skeletal fractures caused by metabolic bone diseases. This review compiles information on the most common metabolic bone diseases (osteoporosis, primary hyperparathyroidism, osteomalacia, and fluorosis disease) seen in the global population, including their symptoms, mechanisms, and causes, as well as discussing their prevention and the development of new drugs for treatment. A large amount of research literature suggests that balanced nutrition and balanced periodic supplementation of calcium, phosphate, and vitamin D can improve re-absorption and the regrowth of bones, and inhibit the formation of skeletal fractures, except in the case of hereditary bone diseases. Meanwhile, new and improved drug formulations, such as raloxifene, teriparatide, sclerostin, denosumab, and abaloparatide, have been successfully developed and administered as treatments for metabolic bone diseases, while others (romososumab and odanacatib) are in various stages of clinical trials.

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