Systematic analysis of the lysine malonylome in Sanghuangporus sanghuang

Abstract

Background Sanghuangporus sanghuang is a well-known traditional medicinal mushroom associated with mulberry. Despite the properties of this mushroom being known for many years, the regulatory mechanisms of bioactive compound biosynthesis in this medicinal mushroom are still unclear. Lysine malonylation is a posttranslational modification that has many critical functions in various aspects of cell metabolism. However, at present we do not know its role in S. sanghuang. In this study, a global investigation of the lysine malonylome in S. sanghuang was therefore carried out. Results In total, 714 malonyl modification sites were matched to 255 different proteins. The analysis indicated that malonyl modifications were involved in a wide range of cellular functions and displayed a distinct subcellular localization. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that malonylated proteins were engaged in different metabolic pathways, including glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Notably, a total of 26 enzymes related to triterpene and polysaccharide biosynthesis were found to be malonylated, indicating an indispensable role of lysine malonylation in bioactive compound biosynthesis in S. sanghuang. Conclusions These findings suggest that malonylation is associated with many metabolic pathways, particularly the metabolism of the bioactive compounds triterpene and polysaccharide. This paper represents the first comprehensive survey of malonylation in S. sanghuang and provides important data for further study on the physiological function of lysine malonylation in S. sanghuang and other medicinal mushrooms.

Research Progress of Bioactive Components in Sanghuangporus spp.

“…Species in Sanghuangporus have long been classified as Phellinus linteus , Phellinus baumii , Phellinus igniarius , or Inonotus linteus by many researchers from China and adjacent countries [ 6 , 7 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 19 , 30 , 40 , 53 , 60 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 ]. In 2021, Shen et al presented concrete proof for such misclassification in a study where they revised the ITS sequence in Genbank and clarified some taxonomical mistakes, such as redetermining I. baumii and I. vaninii as S. baumii and S. vaninii , respectively [ 80 ].…”

“…Mycelia, conversely, demonstrate higher levels of polysaccharides, proteins, and other bioactive content than the fruiting bodies [ 15 , 50 ]. The compounds in these two parts provide Sanghuang with many valuable functions, including antitumor activities and free-radical scavenging abilities [ 6 , 9 , 13 , 16 , 20 , 25 , 26 , 28 , 35 , 37 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 ]. Polysaccharides are reported to be the major medical component and possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, antitumor, diabetes-ameliorating, sleep-improving, and neuroprotective effects, often demonstrated through pathway regulation, free-radical scavenging, and metabolic regulation [ 3 , 10 , 15 , 32 , 34 , 50 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 ].…”

“…However, scientists have noticed other components with indispensable medical properties. Hispidin, a polyphenol compound, has been shown by multiple studies to have anticancer and antiviral effects and free-radical scavenging and anti-inflammatory activities [ 6 , 21 , 26 , 34 , 35 , 53 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 ]. Morin, a flavonoid rarely found in species, possesses significant medical properties like cartilage protection [ 64 , 65 ].…”

Transcriptome and Metabolome Integration Reveals the Impact of Fungal Elicitors on Triterpene Accumulation in Sanghuangporus sanghuang

“…Multiomics has become an invaluable analytical tool. The application of omics technology in edible fungi is becoming more and more extensive [ 19 , 20 ]. Therefore, this paper attempts to combine metabolomics and transcriptomics under conditions of elicitor treatment (ET) and without elicitor treatment (WET) to investigate the effects of fungal elicitors on the metabolites of S. sanghuang .…”