Systematic Analysis of Selective Bactericidal Activity of Fatty Acids against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> with Minimum Inhibitory Concentration and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration

Abstract

INTRODUCTION Bacteria live on human skin surface and play crucial roles in various skin conditions 1. The microbiota on healthy skin surfaces contains many kinds of bacteria, such as Corynebacterium, Staphylococcus, and Propionibacteriaceae 2 4. Staphylococcal bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus S. aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis S. epidermidis are present in the nasal cavity or sebaceous glands. S. aureus causes inflammation of atopic dry skin as well as skin roughness and food poisoning 5, 6. In contrast, S. epidermidis enhances the innate barrier immunity 7 9. Therefore, many dermatologists and cosmetic

The Selective Antibacterial Activity of the Mixed Systems Containing Myristic Acid against <i>Staph</i> <i>ylococci</i>

“…In the case of myristic acid/palmitoleic acid mixed system, the turbidity increased under all mixed conditions: The antibacterial behavior was not observed against S. epidermidis. Palmitoleic acid also does not exhibit antibacterial activity against S. epidermidis as a single component as well as myristic acid 10 . This result suggests that the selective antibacterial activity against S. aureus is maintained even when the two components, which do not exhibit antibacterial activity against S. epidermidis, are mixed.…”

“…In the checkerboard method, a combined effect was determined based on the FIC index, which was calculated from the MIC of a mixture containing two types of ingredients. We have reported the MICs of myristic acid and three additives in a single component against S. aureus and S. epidermidis in previously Table 1 10,17 .…”

“…tivity of two-component mixed system containing myristic acid which shows the selective antibacterial activity and other antibacterial ingredients against S. aureus and S. epidermidis. The additives were lauric acid, which has the maximum antibacterial activity among saturated fatty acids, palmitoleic acid, which has characteristic selective antibacterial activity, and lactic acid, which is also used as a degradation preventing agent in foods and a topical skin inflammation treatment agent 10,18,19 . The antibacterial activity of these substances was determined using minimal inhibitory concentration MIC , which is the minimum drug concentration required to suppress bacterial growth, while the combined effect of the two-component mixture was evaluated based on the FIC index.…”

Chermebilaenes A and B, New Bioactive Meroterpenoids from Co-Cultures of Marine-Derived Isolates of Penicillium bilaiae MA-267 and Penicillium chermesinum EN-480

“…These data indicated that the incorporation of a fatty acid into the acorane-type sesquiterpenoid derivative likely significantly increases the antimicrobial activity. The addition of a fatty acid could improve the penetration into the cell membrane, which may cause the antimicrobial activity [ 20 ].…”

Intracellular Staphylococcus aureus Elicits the Production of Host Very Long-Chain Saturated Fatty Acids with Antimicrobial Activity

“…From then, many other studies have proven the bactericidal or bacteriostatic effect of several saturated and unsaturated fatty acids on Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria [20,30]. Nowadays, partially driven by the emergence of multidrug-resistant strains, the research on fatty acids and monoglycerides as potential antibacterial agents has gained new attention [30,31,32,33,34,35,36].…”