Systematic analysis of micromixers to minimize biofouling on reverse osmosis membranes

Altman, Susan J.; McGrath, Lucas K.; Jones, Howland D. T.; Sanchez, Andres L.; Noek, Rachel; Cook, Adam; Ho, Clifford K.

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2010.03.038

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Membranes created using both the UV-grafted polymer brush method and the silane direct attachment method were also tested using the cross-flow testing system [Altman et al, 2010;Ho et al, 2008]. Methods used for the silane direct attachment method is the same as described in Altman et al [2010].…”

Section: Methods Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Methods used for the silane direct attachment method is the same as described in Altman et al [2010].…”

Section: Methods Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hyperspectral imaging combined with multivariate analysis techniques, such as multivariate curve resolution (MCR), allows for the separation of many overlapping fluorescence species and creates interpretable quantitative images from biological samples with both known and unknown fluorescence species. We used a fluorescence line scanning imager developed at Sandia originally designed and built to scan and quantify multiple fluorophores on DNA microarray slides [Sinclair et al, 2004]; however this imager also has been useful for many applications in which large areas need to be scanned and imaged, e.g., biofilms on water-treatment membranes [Altman et al, 2010]. After the membrane was stained with ninhydrine and completely dried, the membrane was taped onto a microscope slide using double-sided tape in preparation for imaging.…”

Section: Hyperspectral Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is a high-pressure system with flux through the membrane, much like a water treatment system. This test used an accelerated biofouling protocol [Altman et al, 2010], thus the membrane was exposed to extreme biofouling conditions. The tank was inoculated with 4.2 × 10 10 CFUs.…”

Section: Biofouling Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Linking ceragenins to water-treatment membranes to minimize biofouling.

Hibbs¹,

Altman²,

Feng

et al. 2012

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Ceragenins were used to create biofouling resistant water-treatment membranes. Ceragenins are synthetically produced antimicrobial peptide mimics that display broad-spectrum bactericidal activity. While ceragenins have been used on bio-medical devices, use of ceragenins on watertreatment membranes is novel. Biofouling impacts membrane separation processes for many industrial applications such as desalination, waste-water treatment, oil and gas extraction, and 4 power generation. Biofouling results in a loss of permeate flux and increase in energy use. Creation of biofouling resistant membranes will assist in creation of clean water with lower energy usage and energy with lower water usage.Five methods of attaching three different ceragenin molecules were conducted and tested. Biofouling reduction was observed in the majority of the tests, indicating the ceragenins are a viable solution to biofouling on water treatment membranes. Silane direct attachment appears to be the most promising attachment method if a high concentration of CSA-121a is used. Additional refinement of the attachment methods are needed in order to achieve our goal of several log-reduction in biofilm cell density without impacting the membrane flux.Concurrently, biofilm forming bacteria were isolated from source waters relevant for water treatment: wastewater, agricultural drainage, river water, seawater, and brackish groundwater. These isolates can be used for future testing of methods to control biofouling. Once isolated, the ability of the isolates to grow biofilms was tested with high-throughput multiwell methods. Based on these tests, the following species were selected for further testing in tube reactors and CDC reactors: Pseudomonas ssp. (wastewater, agricultural drainage, and Colorado River water), Nocardia coeliaca or Rhodococcus spp. (wastewater), Pseudomonas fluorescens and Hydrogenophaga palleronii (agricultural drainage), Sulfitobacter donghicola, Rhodococcus fascians, Rhodobacter katedanii, and Paracoccus marcusii (seawater), and Sphingopyxis spp. (groundwater). The testing demonstrated the ability of these isolates to be used for biofouling control testing under laboratory conditions. Biofilm forming bacteria were obtained from all the source water samples. 5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

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Section: Methods Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Methods used for the silane direct attachment method is the same as described in Altman et al [2010].…”

Section: Methods Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%