The membrane proteins are essential targets for understanding
cellular
function. The unbiased identification of membrane protein targets
is still the bottleneck for a system-level understanding of cellular
response to stimuli or perturbations. It has been suggested to enrich
the soluble proteome with membrane proteins by introducing nonionic
surfactants in the solubilization solution. This strategy aimed to
simultaneously identify the globular and membrane protein targets
by thermal proteome profiling principles. However, the thermal shift
assay would surpass the cloud point temperature from the nonionic
surfactants frequently utilized for membrane protein solubilization.
It is expected that around the cloud point temperature, the surfactant
micelles would suffer structural modifications altering protein solubility.
Here, we show that the presence of nonionic surfactants can alter
protein thermal stability from a mixed, globular, and membrane proteome.
In the presence of surfactant micelles, the changes in protein solubility
analyzed after the thermal shift assay was affected by the thermally
dependent modification of the micellar size and its interaction with
proteins. We demonstrate that the introduction of nonionic surfactants
for the solubilization of membrane proteins is not compatible with
the principles of target identification by thermal proteome profiling
methodologies. Our results lead to exploring thermally independent
strategies for membrane protein solubilization to assure confident
membrane protein target identification. The proteome-wide thermal
shift methods have already shown their capability to elucidate mechanisms
of action from pharma, biomedicine, analytical chemistry, or toxicology,
and finding strategies, free from surfactants, to identify membrane
protein targets would be the next challenge.