System-Wide Hypersensitive Response-Associated Transcriptome and Metabolome Reprogramming in Tomato

Etalo, Desalegn W.; Stulemeijer, I.J.E.; Esse, H. Peter van; Vos, Ric C. H. de; Bouwmeester, Harro J.; Joosten, M.H.A.J.

doi:10.1104/pp.113.217471

Cited by 48 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 106 publications

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“…S3). These results are consistent with the previous observation that HR induces the phenylpropanoid pathway (Etalo et al, 2013). Interestingly, p-coumaroyl quinate and p-coumaroyl shikimate but not chlorogenic acid were hyperaccumulated in Rp1-D21 mutants, suggesting that the increases in C3H activity could not keep up with those in HCT and became a limiting step in the pathway (Supplemental Figs.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Maize Homologs of HCT, a Key Enzyme in Lignin Biosynthesis, Bind the NLR Rp1 Proteins to Modulate the Defense Response

Wang¹,

Strauch

et al. 2015

Plant Physiol.

119

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In plants, most disease resistance genes encode nucleotide binding Leu-rich repeat (NLR) proteins that trigger a rapid localized cell death called a hypersensitive response (HR) upon pathogen recognition. The maize (Zea mays) NLR protein Rp1-D21 derives from an intragenic recombination between two NLRs, Rp1-D and Rp1-dp2, and confers an autoactive HR in the absence of pathogen infection. From a previous quantitative trait loci and genome-wide association study, we identified a single-nucleotide polymorphism locus highly associated with variation in the severity of Rp1-D21-induced HR. Two maize genes encoding hydroxycinnamoyltransferase (HCT; a key enzyme involved in lignin biosynthesis) homologs, termed HCT1806 and HCT4918, were adjacent to this single-nucleotide polymorphism. Here, we show that both HCT1806 and HCT4918 physically interact with and suppress the HR conferred by Rp1-D21 but not other autoactive NLRs when transiently coexpressed in Nicotiana benthamiana. Other maize HCT homologs are unable to confer the same level of suppression on Rp1-D21-induced HR. The metabolic activity of HCT1806 and HCT4918 is unlikely to be necessary for their role in suppressing HR. We show that the lignin pathway is activated by Rp1-D21 at both the transcriptional and metabolic levels. We derive a model to explain the roles of HCT1806 and HCT4918 in Rp1-mediated disease resistance.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Maize Homologs of HCT, a Key Enzyme in Lignin Biosynthesis, Bind the NLR Rp1 Proteins to Modulate the Defense Response

Wang¹,

Strauch

et al. 2015

Plant Physiol.

119

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“…The interaction between R genes and their cognate effectors usually triggers a number of defense responses, including activation of the hypersensitive response (HR), a rapid localized cell death at the pathogen infection site, generation of reactive oxygen species, induction of defense-related gene expression, production of secondary metabolites and antimicrobial compounds, and the lignification of cell walls (Morel and Dangl, 1997;Heath, 2000;Mur et al, 2008). The HR is thought to confine the pathogen, preventing it spreading from the infected site and often activates secondary metabolism and generates lignin or lignin-like phenolic compounds (Lange et al, 1995;Levine et al, 1996;Etalo et al, 2013).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Maize Homologs of CCoAOMT and HCT, Two Key Enzymes in Lignin Biosynthesis, Form Complexes with the NLR Rp1 Protein to Modulate the Defense Response

Wang

Balint‐Kurti²

2016

Plant Physiol.

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Disease resistance (R) genes encode nucleotide binding Leu-rich-repeat (NLR) proteins that confer resistance to specific pathogens. Upon pathogen recognition they trigger a defense response that usually includes a so-called hypersensitive response (HR), a rapid localized cell death at the site of pathogen infection. Intragenic recombination between two maize (Zea mays) NLRs, Rp1-D and Rp1-dp2, resulted in the formation of a hybrid NLR, Rp1-D21, which confers an autoactive HR in the absence of pathogen infection. From a previous quantitative trait loci and genome-wide association study, we identified genes encoding two key enzymes in lignin biosynthesis, hydroxycinnamoyltransferase (HCT) and caffeoyl CoA O-methyltransferase (CCoAOMT), adjacent to the nucleotide polymorphisms that were highly associated with variation in the severity of Rp1-D21-induced HR. We have previously shown that the two maize HCT homologs suppress the HR conferred by Rp1-D21 in a heterologous system, very likely through physical interaction. Here, we show, similarly, that CCoAOMT2 suppresses the HR induced by either the full-length or by the N-terminal coiled-coil domain of Rp1-D21 also likely via physical interaction and that the metabolic activity of CCoAOMT2 is unlikely to be necessary for its role in suppressing HR. We also demonstrate that CCoAOMT2, HCTs, and Rp1 proteins can form in the same complexes. A model is derived to explain the roles of CCoAOMT and HCT in Rp1-mediated defense resistance.

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“…ET influences the TF ORA59 in Arabidopsis and regulates the production of hydroxycinnamic acid amides (HCAAs), increasing cell wall thickness, which confers resistance to B. cinerea (Lloyd et al, 2011). ET in tomato regulates biosynthesis of tyramine hydroxycinnamoyl transferase (THT) to produce HCAAs acting against Cladosporium and Pseudomonas (Etalo et al, 2013).…”

Section: B Phytohormone (Phr) Genes and Regulation Of Downstream Genesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant Innate Immune Response: Qualitative and Quantitative Resistance

Kushalappa

Yogendra

Karre

2016

Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences

155

103

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Plant diseases, caused by microbes, threaten world food, feed, and bioproduct security. Plant resistance has not been effectively deployed to improve resistance in plants for lack of understanding of biochemical mechanisms and genetic bedrock of resistance. With the advent of genome sequencing, the forward and reverse genetic approaches have enabled deciphering the riddle of resistance. Invading pathogens produce elicitors and effectors that are recognized by the host membrane-localized receptors, which in turn induce a cascade of downstream regulatory and resistance metabolite and protein biosynthetic genes (R) to produce resistance metabolites and proteins, which reduce pathogen advancement through their antimicrobial and cell wall enforcement properties. The resistance in plants to pathogen attack is expressed as reduced susceptibility, ranging from high susceptibility to hypersensitive response, the shades of gray. The hypersensitive response or cell death is considered as qualitative resistance, while the remainder of the reduced susceptibility is considered as quantitative resistance. The resistance is due to additive effects of several resistance metabolites and proteins, which are produced through a network of several hierarchies of plant R genes. Plants recognize the pathogen elicitors or receptors and then induce downstream genes to eventually produce resistance metabolites and proteins that suppress the pathogen advancement in plant. These resistance genes (R), against qualitative and quantitative resistance, can be identified in germplasm collections and replaced in commercial cultivars, if nonfunctional, based on genome editing to improve plant resistance.

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System-Wide Hypersensitive Response-Associated Transcriptome and Metabolome Reprogramming in Tomato

Cited by 48 publications

References 106 publications

Maize Homologs of HCT, a Key Enzyme in Lignin Biosynthesis, Bind the NLR Rp1 Proteins to Modulate the Defense Response

Maize Homologs of HCT, a Key Enzyme in Lignin Biosynthesis, Bind the NLR Rp1 Proteins to Modulate the Defense Response

Maize Homologs of CCoAOMT and HCT, Two Key Enzymes in Lignin Biosynthesis, Form Complexes with the NLR Rp1 Protein to Modulate the Defense Response

Plant Innate Immune Response: Qualitative and Quantitative Resistance

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