System proximity index ratio (SPIR) accuracy in forecasting the sustainability of crop-livestock farming systems in Indonesian paddy fields
Dedi Sugandi,
Neneng Ratna Purnamasari,
Agus Nurawan
et al.
Abstract:The crop-livestock farming system in paddy fields is integrated between rice crops and beef cattle (rice-beef cattle CLFS). Rice plants will produce straw and rice bran that can be used for animal feed, and livestock will produce compost/manure that can be used for rice nutrition. Some other benefits of implementing CLFS are increasing crop productivity, increasing the value of farmers' income, farming cost efficiency, and preserving the environment. The probability of the sustainability of CLFS application in… Show more
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