System outage probability due to dispersion variation caused by seasonal and regional temperature variations

Effect of Variations in Environmental Temperature on 2D-WH/TS OCDMA Code Performance

“…Because of the dynamic nature of these temperature variations, tunable compensation schemes that will track and compensate for these unpredictable changes are always preferable. The effect of the impairments caused by the temperature changes was investigated for WDM system transmissions with data rates up to 40 Gb/s by [2][3][4]. It was established that these impairments can increase the error probability of an optical transmission system, but the effect is not severe until after transmitting over considerably long distances.…”

Impact of Temperature and Relative Humidity on PMD in Directly Buried Optical Fibre Cables in Semi-Arid and Tropical Highlands in Kenya

“…All tests on temperature vs PMD are normally conducted at uniformly spaced time intervals (typically between 1 hour and 2 hours) to allow distinct transitions in both variables. Various PMD analysis techniques have been conducted using the said intervals and have demonstrated consistent trend showing rise and drop for both PMD and temperature [2,[7][8][9]. The trend has been very closely related, which confirms the strong dependence of PMD on temperature.…”

“…This method has been used to analyze frequency-shifts and chromatic dispersion. Factors like depths where the fibre cable is buried, specific heat capacity, thermal conductivity, and density of the soil have been taken into account by use of an algorithm [7,8].…”

Investigating the influence of thermal coefficients on 2-D WH/TS OCDMA code propagation in optical fiber

“…(ps/nm•km/ o C ) is the thermal coefficient of the fiber [2,3], ( o C) is the average change in temperature experienced by transmission fiber, is the spectral spacing between 2D-WH/TS OCDMA code wavelengths pulses, and (nm) is the pulse spectral line width of each wavelength pulse within the code. Having obtained the maximum possible autocorrelation peak S t for each degree of temperature change, we analysed the effect of this reduction in S t with respect to temperature variation by substituting S t for th in the equation for Pe (BER) as previously derived in [1] and we obtain the equation below To evaluate the effect of the T induced reduction in S t , the minimum possible bit error rate performance for K = 32 simultaneous users at 2.4Gb/s data rate was recorded from calculations obtained using Eq.…”