System Model for Average Downlink SINR in 5G Multi-Beam Networks

Ali, Amaanat; Karabulut, Umur; Awada, Ahmad; Viering, Ingo; Tirkkonen, Olav; Barreto, André Noll; Fettweis, Gerhard

doi:10.1109/pimrc.2019.8904367

Cited by 18 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The works belonging to this category are tailored to the assessment of throughput/capacity of cellular networks that exploit the beamforming functionality [7]- [10]. More in depth, the theoretical feasibility of beamforming as well as results from a prototype are presented in [7].…”

Section: A Performance Of 5g Beamformingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Awada et al [9] design a channel model for signal measurement in a 5G cellular system that adopts narrow beams at fixed positions to serve the users. Ali et al [10] derive closed-form expressions of the downlink Signal-to-Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR) levels when simultaneous beams are synthesized. In contrast to [7]- [10], our work introduces a beam management policy that explicitly exploits a localization service to tune the pencil beams.…”

Section: A Performance Of 5g Beamformingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ali et al [10] derive closed-form expressions of the downlink Signal-to-Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR) levels when simultaneous beams are synthesized. In contrast to [7]- [10], our work introduces a beam management policy that explicitly exploits a localization service to tune the pencil beams. In addition, we evaluate the impact of pencil beamforming not only on the throughput, but also on the EMF exposure, which represents a major concern for the population.…”

Section: A Performance Of 5g Beamformingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Focusing on i), we run S1-S8 of 5G-Pencil, by replacing S4 with a fixed width assignment. In particular, the beam widths are set equal to fixed angles α ST FIXED , α TL FIXED , which are retrieved from product data-sheets [26] and research works [10]. In this way, we assume to apply a ''soft'' beamforming, where localization is solely exploited to tune the beam direction, without tuning the beam widths in accordance with .…”

Section: A Reference Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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“Pencil Beamforming Increases Human Exposure to ElectroMagnetic Fields”: True or False?

et al. 2021

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According to a very popular belief -very widespread among non-scientific communitiesthe exploitation of narrow beams, a.k.a. ''pencil beamforming'', results in a prompt increase of exposure levels radiated by 5G Base Stations (BSs). To face such concern with a scientific approach, in this work we propose a novel localization-enhanced pencil beamforming technique, in which the traffic beams are tuned in accordance with the uncertainty localization levels of User Equipment (UE). Compared to currently deployed beamforming techniques, which generally employ beams of fixed width, we exploit the localization functionality made available by the 5G architecture to synthesize the direction and the width of each pencil beam towards each served UE. We then evaluate the effectiveness of pencil beamforming in terms of ElectroMagnetic Field (EMF) exposure and UE throughput levels over different realistic casestudies. Results, obtained from a publicly released open-source simulator, dispel the myth: the adoption of localization-enhanced pencil beamforming triggers a prompt reduction of exposure w.r.t. other alternative techniques, which include e.g., beams of fixed width and cellular coverage not exploiting beamforming. The EMF reduction is achieved not only for the UE that are served by the pencil beams, but also over the whole territory (including the locations in proximity to the 5G BS). In addition, large throughput levels -adequate for most of 5G services -can be guaranteed when each UE is individually served by one dedicated beam.INDEX TERMS 5G cellular networks, 5G localization service, pencil beam management, EMF analysis, throughput analysis.

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Section: A Performance Of 5g Beamformingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Performance Of 5g Beamformingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Performance Of 5g Beamformingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Reference Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

“Pencil Beamforming Increases Human Exposure to ElectroMagnetic Fields”: True or False?

et al. 2021

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show abstract

“…The beams b ∈ [1,8] have smaller beamwidth and higher beamforming gain to cover the far regions of the coverage areas whereas beams b ∈ [9,12] with larger beamwidth and relatively smaller beamforming gain are defined to serve regions near to the cell. SINR γ c,b (m) of a link between UE and beam b of cell c is evaluated by the approximation given in [13] for strict resource fair scheduler.…”

Section: Mobility Models Simulation Scenario and Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%