System-generated EMP

Higgins, Daniel F.; Lee, K.; Marin, Lennart

doi:10.1109/tap.1978.1141797

Cited by 21 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…This phenomenon was first observed for objects exposed to nuclear explosions, and called system-generated EMP [14]. In that case, the ionizing electromagnetic radiation was generated by the nuclear bursts and was in the X-γ region.…”

Section: Transient Charged Layers Due To Photoionizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sources and space–time distribution of the electromagnetic pulses in experiments on inertial confinement fusion and laser–plasma acceleration

Consoli

Andreoli

Cipriani

et al. 2020

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

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When high-energy and high-power lasers interact with matter, a significant part of the incoming laser energy is transformed into transient electromagnetic pulses (EMPs) in the range of radiofrequencies and microwaves. These fields can reach high intensities and can potentially represent a significative danger for the electronic devices placed near the interaction point. Thus, the comprehension of the origin of these electromagnetic fields and of their distribution is of primary importance for the safe operation of high-power and high-energy laser facilities, but also for the possible use of these high fields in several promising applications. A recognized main source of EMPs is the target positive charging caused by the fast-electron emission due to laser–plasma interactions. The fast charging induces high neutralization currents from the conductive walls of the vacuum chamber through the target holder. However, other mechanisms related to the laser–target interaction are also capable of generating intense electromagnetic fields. Several possible sources of EMPs are discussed here and compared for high-energy and high-intensity laser–matter interactions, typical for inertial confinement fusion and laser–plasma acceleration. The possible effects on the electromagnetic field distribution within the experimental chamber, due to particle beams and plasma emitted from the target, are also described. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Prospects for high gain inertial fusion energy (part 2)’.

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Section: Transient Charged Layers Due To Photoionizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sources and space–time distribution of the electromagnetic pulses in experiments on inertial confinement fusion and laser–plasma acceleration

Consoli

Andreoli

Cipriani

et al. 2020

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

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“…Irradiation of any object by intense fluxes of penetrating radiation leads to emission of electrons from the outer and inner surfaces of the object and to emergence of a system-generated electromagnetic pulse (SGEMP), which can deteriorate radioelectronic equipment [1][2][3][4][5]. Spacecraft with large amounts of microprocessor equipment in control and communication systems can be especially sensitive to the action of electromagnetic fields.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This method of determining the currents implies that the process of formation and evolution of electron fluxes depends weakly on three-dimensional geometry. The reason for using this approach is a strong localization of the electron current near the irradiated surface, which is observed in self-consistent one-and two-dimensional SGEMP calculations, especially for high photon-flux intensities [2,4,5,7].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Let us study the SGEMP on a spacecraft subjected to X-ray radiation (XR). We assume that the photon spectrum has the Planck form [2] and the time evolution of the XR intensity F (t) is defined by the expression [7] …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If the intensity of the XR flux onto the metallic surface is rather high, the surface electron layer is formed at distances much smaller than the characteristic spacecraft size [2,5,11,12], which allows computations of parameters of the electromagnetic field in a one-dimensional approximation. A specific feature of the one-dimensional model [6] is that it takes into account the angle of XR incidence owing to a proper choice of the reference system moving together with the XR front and all components of the electromagnetic field (wave and polarization components) are calculated, whereas only the polarization component is determined in conventional one-dimensional models [3][4][5]12].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigation of an Electromagnetic Pulse Generated by a System on a Standard Spacecraft

Lazarev

Petrov

Diyankova

et al. 2005

J Appl Mech Tech Phys

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Results on generation of an electromagnetic pulse on a spacecraft under the action of X-ray and gamma radiation are described. The computational technology used is based on a hierarchical system of mathematical models constructed on a system of the Maxwell-Vlasov equations and spacecraft models that rather accurately describe all physical processes typical of origination of secondary electromagnetic fields and the object geometry. It is shown that polarization components of the electric field, which are directed normal to irradiated surfaces, depend weakly on geometric factors and are mainly determined by the photon radiation flux density. Formation of the magnetic field is determined by the dynamics of variation of the first derivative of the dipole moment of the electron layer formed owing to emission of particles under the action of ionization radiation and depends on the object shape, characteristic size of the irradiated surface, and spacecraft attitude.Introduction. Irradiation of any object by intense fluxes of penetrating radiation leads to emission of electrons from the outer and inner surfaces of the object and to emergence of a system-generated electromagnetic pulse (SGEMP), which can deteriorate radioelectronic equipment [1][2][3][4][5]. Spacecraft with large amounts of microprocessor equipment in control and communication systems can be especially sensitive to the action of electromagnetic fields. Because of the specific features of their operation, these systems cannot be reliably protected and rapidly replaced upon their damage.Experimental investigations of the SGEMP in spacecraft are extremely complicated and require large (next to impossible) material and time expenses. In this case, a large portion of research is performed with the use of computational experiments based on mathematical models of generation of electromagnetic fields with allowance for formation of powerful electron fluxes under the action of photon radiation. Origination of an electromagnetic field due to the motion of charged particles is known to be described by the Maxwell equations. Their solution can be obtained by the simplest way if the currents are independent of electromagnetic fields. Nevertheless, the electron-flux dynamics determines the evolution of electromagnetic fields on one hand and depends on the latter on the other hand, because the generated fields substantially change the motion of charged particles. In this case, the evolution of electromagnetic fields and the motion of charged particles should be considered in a self-consistent manner on the basis of the Maxwell-Boltzmann equations.A hierarchical system of mathematical models developed for studying secondary electromagnetic effects (SEME) is described in [6]. This system consists of self-consistent one-and two-dimensional models on the basis of the Vlasov-Maxwell equations and a three-dimensional electrodynamic model based on the Maxwell equations. Yet, the mathematical model is determined not only by the system of equations with initial and boundary cond...

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Calculation of spectral-angular distributions of emission electrons from aluminum with inclined incidence of gamma radiation

Bat'kaev¹,

Kandiev²,

Lazarev³

et al. 1991

At Energy

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System-generated EMP

Cited by 21 publications

References 16 publications

Sources and space–time distribution of the electromagnetic pulses in experiments on inertial confinement fusion and laser–plasma acceleration

Sources and space–time distribution of the electromagnetic pulses in experiments on inertial confinement fusion and laser–plasma acceleration

Investigation of an Electromagnetic Pulse Generated by a System on a Standard Spacecraft

Calculation of spectral-angular distributions of emission electrons from aluminum with inclined incidence of gamma radiation

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