Abstract:As the population ages and the number of people living with dementia or mild cognitive impairment (MCI) continues to increase, it is critical to identify creative and innovative ways to support and improve their quality of life. Motion-based technology has shown significant potential for people living with dementia or MCI by providing opportunities for cognitive stimulation, physical activity and participation in meaningful leisure activities, while simultaneously functioning as a useful tool for research and … Show more
“…These findings challenge negative stereotypes about the abilities of PCI to learn while supporting the feasibility of using MBT as a group activity in adult day programs. Future work should focus on developing accessible activities on MBTs tailored for PCI [29]. This could provide scalable satisfying nonpharmacologic interventions for PCI.…”
IntroductionMotion-based technologies (MBTs) could provide nonpharmacologic interventions for people with cognitive impairment (PCI; e.g., dementia or mild cognitive impairment). This study examined the use of errorless learning techniques to empower PCI to use MBT.MethodsThirty-eight PCI were recruited to a 10-week (20 × 1-hour sessions) Xbox Kinect bowling group. Video recorded data from first, middle, and final sessions were coded to track (1) number of prompts per turn, (2) independent turn completion, and (3) duration of turns. These values were compared using repeated measures analysis of variance.ResultsLearning and improvement over time was demonstrated in 23 participants who were available for final analysis by significant decreases in number of prompts per turn and turn duration and significant increases in turns completed independently.DiscussionErrorless learning supported PCI to learn MBT and improve over time as evidenced by their need for fewer prompts, shorter turns, and more turns completed independently, confirming the potential of MBT to provide leisure activities for PCI.
“…These findings challenge negative stereotypes about the abilities of PCI to learn while supporting the feasibility of using MBT as a group activity in adult day programs. Future work should focus on developing accessible activities on MBTs tailored for PCI [29]. This could provide scalable satisfying nonpharmacologic interventions for PCI.…”
IntroductionMotion-based technologies (MBTs) could provide nonpharmacologic interventions for people with cognitive impairment (PCI; e.g., dementia or mild cognitive impairment). This study examined the use of errorless learning techniques to empower PCI to use MBT.MethodsThirty-eight PCI were recruited to a 10-week (20 × 1-hour sessions) Xbox Kinect bowling group. Video recorded data from first, middle, and final sessions were coded to track (1) number of prompts per turn, (2) independent turn completion, and (3) duration of turns. These values were compared using repeated measures analysis of variance.ResultsLearning and improvement over time was demonstrated in 23 participants who were available for final analysis by significant decreases in number of prompts per turn and turn duration and significant increases in turns completed independently.DiscussionErrorless learning supported PCI to learn MBT and improve over time as evidenced by their need for fewer prompts, shorter turns, and more turns completed independently, confirming the potential of MBT to provide leisure activities for PCI.
“…To the best of our knowledge, there are no guidelines specifically created for designing s-Health technologies for PwD and their informal caregivers. There are sets of design recommendations such as the one created by Astell et al for motor-based technologies for people with cognitive impairment [21], Boman et al’s work on using ICTs for persons with cognitive impairment [22], or Matthews et al’s [23] summary of adoption factors for caregivers of dementia. However, these recommendations do not expand on the process of design, develop, and most of all, implementation of s-Health technologies [21].…”
Background
Smart Health technologies (s-Health technologies) are being developed to support people with dementia (PwD) and their informal caregivers at home, to improve care and reduce the levels of burden and stress they experience. However, although s-Health technologies have the potential to facilitate this, the factors influencing a successful implementation in this population are still unknown.
Objective
The aim of this study was to review existing literature to explore the factors influencing PwD and their informal caregivers’ adoption of s-Health technologies for home care.
Methods
Following the Arksey and O’Malley methodology, this study is a scoping review providing a narrative description of the scientific literature on factors influencing s-Health technology adoption for PwD and their informal caregivers. A search was conducted using PubMed, the Cochrane library, the IEEE library, and Scopus. Publications screening was conducted by 2 researchers based on inclusion criteria, and full-text analysis was then conducted by 1 researcher. The included articles were thematically analyzed by 2 researchers to gain an insight into factors influencing adoption that PwD and their informal caregivers have to encounter when using s-Health technologies. Relevant information was identified and coded. Codes were later discussed between the researchers for developing and modifying them and for achieving a consensus, and the researchers organized the codes into broader themes.
Results
Emerging themes were built in a way that said something specific and meaningful about the research question, creating a list of factors influencing the adoption of s-Health technologies for PwD and their informal caregivers, including attitudinal aspects, ethical issues, technology-related challenges, condition-related challenges, and identified gaps. A design framework was created as a guide for future research and innovation in the area of s-Health technologies for PwD and their informal caregivers:
DemDesCon for s-Health Technologies
. DemDesCon for s-Health Technologies addresses 4 domains to consider for the design and development of s-Health technologies for this population: cognitive decline domain, physical decline domain, social domain, and development domain.
Conclusions
Although s-Health technologies have been used in health care scenarios, more work is needed for them to fully achieve their potential for use in dementia care. Researchers, businesses, and public governments need to collaborate to design and implement effective technology solutions for PwD and their informal caregivers, but the lack of clear design guidelines seems to be slowing the process. We believe that the DemDesCon framework will provide them with the guidance and assistance needed for creating meaningful devices for PwD home care and informal caregivers, filling a much-needed space in the present know...
“…To date, commercially available motion-based technology games have not been targeted toward people with dementia or MCI, which likely plays a role in the lack of rehabilitation literature regarding the impacts of motion-based technology interventions for this population [ 38 ]. Indeed, there is a need for further research using motion-based technology systems and games that are specifically designed to be enjoyable and accessible for this population [ 28 ]. For example, systems could be developed that provide in-game prompts, thus reducing the demands on an external (eg, human) facilitator.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In motion-based games, actions made in the real world (eg, reaching) are replicated by a virtual character on a screen (eg, a game character grabbing a ball). Motion-based technology has recently grown in popularity as a tool in rehabilitation and scientific research [ 28 ] with older adults [ 29 ], as well as people with Parkinson disease [ 30 ], multiple sclerosis [ 31 ], traumatic brain injury [ 32 ], and stroke [ 33 ]. For example, Pompeu and colleagues [ 30 ] showed improvements in balance among people with Parkinson disease after taking part in a 10-week motion-based technology program of 45- to 60-minute sessions 3 days per week involving a series of Nintendo Wii balance games.…”
Background
While exercise can benefit the health and well-being of people with dementia or mild cognitive impairment, many exercise programs offered to this population are passive, unengaging, and inaccessible, resulting in poor adherence. Motion-based technologies are increasingly being explored to encourage exercise participation among people with dementia or mild cognitive impairment. However, the impacts of using motion-based technologies with people with dementia or mild cognitive impairment on variables including balance, movement confidence, and cognitive function have yet to be determined.
Objective
The purpose of this study is to examine the impacts of a group motion-based technology intervention on balance, movement confidence, and cognitive function among people with dementia or mild cognitive impairment.
Methods
In this quasi-experimental pre- and posttest design, we will recruit 24 people with dementia or mild cognitive impairment from 4 adult day programs and invite them to play Xbox Kinect bowling in a group setting, twice weekly for 10 weeks. We will require participants to speak and understand English, be without visual impairment, and be able to stand and walk. At pretest, participants will complete the Mini-Balance Evaluation Systems Test (Mini-BESTest) and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). We will video record participants during weeks 1, 5, and 10 of the intervention to capture behavioral indicators of movement confidence (eg, fluency of motion) through coding. At posttest, the Mini-BESTest and MoCA will be repeated. We will analyze quantitative data collected through the Mini-BESTest and the MoCA using an intent-to-treat analysis, with study site and number of intervention sessions attended as covariates. To analyze the videos, we will extract count and percentage data from the coded recordings.
Results
This study will address the question of whether a group motion-based technology intervention, delivered in an adult day program context, has the potential to impact balance, movement confidence, and cognitive function among people with dementia or mild cognitive impairment. The project was funded in 2019 and enrollment was completed on February 28, 2020. Data analysis is underway and the first results are expected to be submitted for publication in 2021.
Conclusions
This study will assess the feasibility and potential benefits of using motion-based technology to deliver exercise interventions to people with dementia or mild cognitive impairment. This work can also be used as the basis for developing specific software and future exercise programs using motion-based technology for people with dementia or mild cognitive impairment, as well as understanding some of the conditions in which these programs can be delivered.
International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
DERR1-10.2196/18209
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