“…Several studies by Thom et al. [7][8][9][10], Kim et al [11] and Abba et al [12] have reported that Ti 5 Si 3 experiences breakaway oxidation after a certain time with exposure to air at and above 1000 8C while possessing excellent oxidation resistance in oxygen. Williams et al [13] compared the oxide scale composition and structure before and after breakaway oxidation, They attributed the breakaway oxidation to the formation and growth of subscale phases such as TiN and TiSi 2 , which causes a large volume expansion and disrupts the external oxide scale.…”