Syringomyelia in a Newborn Male Simmental Calf

Burgstaller, Johann; Thaller, Denise; Leeb, Tosso; Schlesinger, Philip T.; Kofler, J.

doi:10.1111/jvim.13646

Cited by 6 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(30 reference statements)

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“…The morphological findings and clinical signs are consistent with SHSC and similar to other cases described in bovines (IMAI & MORITOMO, 2009;BINANTI et al, 2012;TESTONI et al, 2012;YILDIRIM et al, 2013;BURGSTALLER et al, 2015). In the histopathological analysis of the spinal cord, as seen by ALBERNAZ et al (2014), depletion of the dorsal and ventral gray horns and reduced white matter structures were observed, confirming SHSC.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 88%

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Segmental hypoplasia of the spinal cord and syringomyelia in a calf

et al. 2020

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Congenital malformations are functional and structural changes in organ systems, tissues, or organs that may develop during the embryonic or fetal phase. Spinal cord malformations, such as segmental hypoplasia of the spinal cord (SHSC) and syringomyelia, are rare in bovines. A Girolando calf from Valença, Rio de Janeiro, was admitted to the Veterinary Hospital of Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro because of motor incoordination. Clinical evaluation revealed a 5-cm depression area in the spine at the dorsal line of the thoracic region. Neurological examination revealed reduced proprioception, pelvic limb extension with increased nociceptive activity, and reduced anal reflex. In radiographic examination, the body of the T11 vertebra had a trapezoidal wedge shape with ventral hemivertebra, probable agenesis or hypoplasia of the T11-T12 spinous processes, and fusion of the T9-T10 spinous processes. Myelography revealed extradural spinal compression caused by vertebral malformations. Necropsy showed no spinous processes (T11-T12), cranial stenosis in the medullary canal (T11-T13), and 1-3-mm pores in the white matter of the thoracic spinal cord (T8-T11). Microscopy revealed cystic dilatations in the white matter (T9-T11), cystic areas of varying sizes (T8-T9), and moderate reduction in the gray matter around the central canal of the medulla (T11-T13). Here, we reported the clinical and pathological findings of SHSC and syringomyelia in a Girolando calf. The features should be differentiated from other spinal cord syndromes. Congenital malformations are of economic importance, and their etiology and diagnosis are fundamental to disease control and progenitor-selection programs.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…YILDIRIM et al (2013) reported syringomyelia in a calf with SHSC with no vertebral abnormalities, unlike the calf in the present report. BURGSTALLER et al (2015) reported syringomyelia in a Simmental calf with clinical and morphological signs similar to the calf in this report.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Segmental hypoplasia of the spinal cord and syringomyelia in a calf

et al. 2020

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“…Malformations of spine are commonly encountered in animals 1 . These usually occur in the thoracolumbar region 10 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Genetic predisposition, nutritional and environmental problems, infectious agents (Akabane, Schmallenberg virus (SBV), bovine viral diarrhea, blue tongue, cache valley etc.) infections, some toxins and fertilization techniques are the reported causes of the congenital malformations in calves 1,10 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bir Buzağıda Vertebral Malformasyon ve Siringomiyeli

Çeşme

İpek

Akkoç

et al. 2016

Uludağ Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi

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A Holstein breed, female, one-month-old calf was presented to our clinic with the complaint of congenital astasia on the hind limbs. The vital parameters of the calf were normal, but she was not standing steadily. In palpation, spinal processes of T 10-L 2 vertebral segments were felt as deformed. Neurologically, there were sensible reflexes, but motor responses were weak bilaterally. In the radiological examination, the irregular intervertebral areas, synostosis on the spinal process and vertebral scoliosis were remarked between T 10-L 2 segments. Informing the weak prognosis of the calf to the patient owner, she was euthanized after permission. At necropsy, synostosis together with mild scoliosis, and cavitation placed was observed in the spinal process of T 10-L 2. About 6cm a transversal enlargement and collapse were seen in the spinal canal. A cystic cavitation about 1 cm in width was identified in the trans-section of this area. Microscopically, foramen centrale was separated from this cavitation. There was no distinctive cell forming and inflammatory infiltrations in the internal surface of the cavitation. As a result of clinical, radiological and pathologic examinations, spinal malformation and syringomyelia were diagnosed.

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Clinical, MRI, and histopathological findings of congenital focal diplomyelia at the level of L4 in a female crossbred calf

et al. 2020

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Background This case report describes the clinical signs of a calf with focal diplomyelia at the level of the fourth lumbar vertebra. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images and histological findings of the affected spinal cord are included in this case report. This case differs from previously reported cases in terms of localization and minimal extent of the congenital anomaly, clinical symptoms and findings during further examinations. Case presentation The calf was presented to the Farm Animal Health clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, with an abnormal, stiff, ‘bunny-hop’ gait of the pelvic limbs. Prominent clinical findings included general proprioceptive ataxia with paraparesis, pathological spinal reflexes of the pelvic limbs and pollakiuria. MRI revealed a focal dilated central canal, and mid-sagittal T2 hyperintense band in the dorsal part of the spinal cord at the level of the third to fourth lumbar vertebra. By means of histology, the calf was diagnosed with focal diplomyelia at the level of the fourth lumbar vertebra, a rare congenital malformation of the spinal cord. The calf tested positive for Schmallenberg virus antibodies, however this is not considered to be part of the pathogenesis of the diplomyelia. Conclusions This case report adds value to future clinical practice, as it provides a clear description of focal diplomyelia as a previously unreported lesion and details its diagnosis using advanced imaging and histology. This type of lesion should be included in the differential diagnoses when a calf is presented with a general proprioceptive ataxia of the hind limbs. In particular, a ‘bunny-hop’ gait of the pelvic limbs is thought to be a specific clinical symptom of diplomyelia. This case report is of clinical and scientific importance as it demonstrates the possibility of a focal microscopic diplomyelia, which would not be evident by gross examination alone, as a cause of hind-limb ataxia. The aetiology of diplomyelia in calves remains unclear.

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Syringomyelia in a Newborn Male Simmental Calf

Cited by 6 publications

References 22 publications

Segmental hypoplasia of the spinal cord and syringomyelia in a calf

Segmental hypoplasia of the spinal cord and syringomyelia in a calf

Bir Buzağıda Vertebral Malformasyon ve Siringomiyeli

Clinical, MRI, and histopathological findings of congenital focal diplomyelia at the level of L4 in a female crossbred calf

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