Syringic acid mitigates isoproterenol‐induced cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis by downregulating Ereg

Abstract

Cardiomyocytes, which exhibit postmitotic characteristics, do not divide but exhibit growth in response to various stresses. The hallmarks of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy involve the activation of foetal gene program, upregulation of protein synthesis and reorganization of sarcomeres. 1 Cardiac hypertrophy is a hallmark feature of various cardiovascular diseases, including myocardial infarction, hypertension, heart failure and valvular diseases. 2 Although short-term cardiac hypertrophy can be beneficial, long-term cardiac hypertrophy is detrimental and must be effectively managed. Genes that suppress cardiac hypertrophy, including KLF4 and INPP5F, are potential therapeutic targets for cardiac hypertrophy. [3][4][5] In addition to drugs and genes, natural substances produced in plants and foods can suppress cardiac hypertrophy. Syringic acid, a phenolic compound found in various fruits, including olives, pumpkin and grapes 6 is reported to mitigate myocardial ischaemiareperfusion injury and cardiotoxicity. 7,8 Additionally, syringic acid exerts protective effects on streptozotocin-induced diabetic cardiomyopathy by downregulating lipid peroxidation and protein

Protective Effects of Syringic Acid on Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Testicular Torsion: An Experimental Study in a Rat Model

“…At the conclusion of this study, it was indicated that syringic acid can reduce the effects of diabetic cardiomyopathy by improving the levels of creatine kinase-myocardial band (CK-MB) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), reducing lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation in the heart. In another similar study, Han et al examined the effects of syringic acid on cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis in isoproterenol-treated mice and cells [ 29 ]. In the results of their study, it was stated that syringic acid was found to mitigate isoproterenol-induced upregulation of Ereg, Myc, and Ngfr.…”