Syrian Migrants' Experiences of “Irregular” Migration to Austria Interlaced by Virtual Networks: A Qualitative Study

Abstract

The beginning of the war in Syria in 2011 led to a massive immigration wave from Syria to Europe; however, this move made European immigration policies more rigid in securing borders. The growing crisis has compelled Syrians to explore various ways to move. On September 14–15, 2015, thousands of people organized through Facebook gathered in Edirne and demanded to be allowed to enter Europe by crossing the Balkans on foot. This incident underlined the significant impact of social media on the process of irregular immigration. This study aims to understand the role of virtual networks in the migration experiences of Syrians before, during, and after migration. In this context, face-to-face, in-depth interviews were conducted with 26 Syrian migrants who arrived at or were captured in and currently reside in Linz, Austria. Syrian migrants meticulously planned nearly every step through virtual networks and smartphone tools, creating a holographic impression in their minds before embarking. These networks significantly enhanced the familiarity and safety of the irregular migration route and allowed them to proceed with “the migration network ladders” one by one. The Syrian migration experience highlights the pivotal role of virtual networks in motivating, guiding, and connecting individuals throughout the process.