Syphilis-causing strains belong to separate SS14-like or Nichols-like groups as defined by multilocus analysis of 19 Treponema pallidum strains

Nechvátal, Lukáš; Pětrošová, Helena; Grillová, Linda; Pospíšilová, Petra; Mikalová, Lenka; Strnadel, Radim; Kuklová, Ivana; Kojanová, Martina; Kreidlová, Miluše; Vaňousová, Daniela; Procházka, Přemysl; Zákoucká, Hana; Krchňáková, Alena; Šmajs, David

doi:10.1016/j.ijmm.2014.04.007

Cited by 42 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…strain Iraq B. Previous studies on the Iraq B isolate revealed a high degree of similarity to Bosnia A [27], [29], [33]–[36] suggesting that this strain is more related to Bosnia A than to TPE strains.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…It is clear that TPA strains can be classified as SS14-like (SS14, Mexico A) and Nichols-like strains (Nichols, DAL-1, Chicago) [14], [44] and that most of the TPA strains causing infections throughout the world are in fact SS14-like strains [36]. However, it is not clear if the SS14 and Mexico A sequences in the Bosnia A genome reflect a greater prevalence of SS14-like strains in the human population or an accidental coincidence of transfers from SS14-like strains.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Whole Genome Sequence of the Treponema pallidum subsp. endemicum Strain Bosnia A: The Genome Is Related to Yaws Treponemes but Contains Few Loci Similar to Syphilis Treponemes

et al. 2014

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Background T. pallidum subsp. endemicum (TEN) is the causative agent of bejel (also known as endemic syphilis). Clinical symptoms of syphilis and bejel are overlapping and the epidemiological context is important for correct diagnosis of both diseases. In contrast to syphilis, caused by T. pallidum subsp. pallidum (TPA), TEN infections are usually spread by direct contact or contaminated utensils rather than by sexual contact. Bejel is most often seen in western Africa and in the Middle East. The strain Bosnia A was isolated in 1950 in Bosnia, southern Europe.Methodology/Principal FindingsThe complete genome of the Bosnia A strain was amplified and sequenced using the pooled segment genome sequencing (PSGS) method and a combination of three next-generation sequencing techniques (SOLiD, Roche 454, and Illumina). Using this approach, a total combined average genome coverage of 513× was achieved. The size of the Bosnia A genome was found to be 1,137,653 bp, i.e. 1.6–2.8 kbp shorter than any previously published genomes of uncultivable pathogenic treponemes. Conserved gene synteny was found in the Bosnia A genome compared to other sequenced syphilis and yaws treponemes. The TEN Bosnia A genome was distinct but very similar to the genome of yaws-causing T. pallidum subsp. pertenue (TPE) strains. Interestingly, the TEN Bosnia A genome was found to contain several sequences, which so far, have been uniquely identified only in syphilis treponemes.Conclusions/SignificanceThe genome of TEN Bosnia A contains several sequences thought to be unique to TPA strains; these sequences very likely represent remnants of recombination events during the evolution of TEN treponemes. This finding emphasizes a possible role of repeated horizontal gene transfer between treponemal subspecies in shaping the Bosnia A genome.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Whole Genome Sequence of the Treponema pallidum subsp. endemicum Strain Bosnia A: The Genome Is Related to Yaws Treponemes but Contains Few Loci Similar to Syphilis Treponemes

et al. 2014

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“…Therefore, improved versions of detection systems should try to keep the target DNA length to a minimum. The most variable region among clinical isolates was found in the TP0548 gene between coordinates 170 and 208 and coordinates 154 and 772 of the Nichols-like and SS14-like isolates, respectively (15). The enhanced CDC typing system covers the entire highly variable region of TP0548 of Nichols-like isolates but only a portion of the highly variable regions of SS14-like isolates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, syphilis-causing (T. pallidum subsp. pallidum) strains were described as forming two genetically distinct groups, including Nichols-like and SS14-like strains (15). An analysis of a number of independent studies showed that more than 94% of clinical isolates belong to the SS14 group while about half of reference T. pallidum subsp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Typing of Treponema pallidum in the Czech Republic during 2011 to 2013: Increased Prevalence of Identified Genotypes and of Isolates with Macrolide Resistance

et al. 2014

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“…Multilocus analyses using the tp0136 , tp0548 and 23S rRNA genes 16,26 or the enhanced CDC typing scheme divides T. pallidum strains into two clusters: SS14-like and Nichols-like 26,28–30 organisms. The SS14-like strains included SS14, Grady, Mexico A and the Philadelphia 1, 31 while the Nichols-like group included Nichols, Bal 73–1, DAL-1, 32 MN-3, Philadelphia 2, Haiti B and Madras strains.…”

Section: Other Potential Typing Schemesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The molecular epidemiology of Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum

2015

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Pathogens adapt and evolve in response to pressures exerted by host environments, leading to generation of genetically diverse variants. Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum displays a substantial amount of interstrain diversity. These variants have been identified in various parts of the world, indicating transmission linkage between geographical regions. Genotyping is based on molecular characterisation of various loci in the syphilis treponeme genome, but still require further development and continued research, as new bacterial types are continually being detected. The goal for studying the molecular epidemiology of Treponema pallidum variants is the global monitoring of the transmission of genetically distinct organisms with different drug sensitivities and, potentially, different virulence proprieties.

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Syphilis-causing strains belong to separate SS14-like or Nichols-like groups as defined by multilocus analysis of 19 Treponema pallidum strains

Cited by 42 publications

References 51 publications

Whole Genome Sequence of the Treponema pallidum subsp. endemicum Strain Bosnia A: The Genome Is Related to Yaws Treponemes but Contains Few Loci Similar to Syphilis Treponemes

Whole Genome Sequence of the Treponema pallidum subsp. endemicum Strain Bosnia A: The Genome Is Related to Yaws Treponemes but Contains Few Loci Similar to Syphilis Treponemes

Molecular Typing of Treponema pallidum in the Czech Republic during 2011 to 2013: Increased Prevalence of Identified Genotypes and of Isolates with Macrolide Resistance

The molecular epidemiology of Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum

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