Synthetic zwitterions as efficient non-permeable cryoprotectants

Abstract

Cryopreservation of cells is necessary for long periods of storage. However, some cell lines cannot be efficiently cryopreserved, even when optimized commercial cryoprotectants are employed. Previously, we found that a low-toxic synthetic zwitterion aqueous solution enabled good cryopreservation. However, this zwitterion solution could not cryopreserve some cells, such as human kidney BOSC cells, with good efficiency. Therefore, details of the cryoprotective effect of the zwitterions and optimization based on its mechanisms are required. Herein, we synthesized 18 zwitterion species and assessed the effects of the physical properties of water/zwitterion mixtures. Non-cell-permeable zwitterions can inhibit ice crystal formation extracellularly via direct interaction with water and intracellularly via dehydration of cells. However, cells that could not be cryopreserved by zwitterions were insufficiently dehydrated in the zwitterion solution. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was combined as a cell-permeable cryoprotectant to compensate for the shortcomings of non-cell-permeable zwitterions. The water/zwitterion/DMSO (90/10/15, v/w/w) could cryopreserve different cells, for example freezing-vulnerable K562 and OVMANA cells; yielding ~1.8-fold cell viability compared to the case using a commercial cryoprotectant. Furthermore, molecular dynamics simulation indicated that the zwitterions protected the cell membrane from the collapse induced by DMSO.

Plasmonic CuxS Nanocages for Enhanced Solar Photothermal Cell Warming

“…r air air air solution solution solution (10) where α i can be calculated by summarizing the absorption of loaded nanoparticles and cell medium solvent from eq 11 as…”

“…Cell freezing techniques are used to preserve cells with cryoprotectants below the freezing point. − However, cell resuscitation still remains a challenge due to the low cell viability after the thawing process. ,, The traditional water bath recovery method often leads to ice recrystallization of cell sap near the equilibrium point, and the cell will be dehydrated during its resuscitation process. − Although studies have shown that certain types of cell preservation medium are helpful in cryopreservation, − in order to obtain a satisfying survival rate of cells, high temperature elevation rate should be applied to escape the recrystallization zone. ,, …”

Design of Smart Aggregates: Toward Rapid Clinical Diagnosis of Hyperlipidemia in Human Blood

“…[28,29] Therefore, an electron-withdrawing zwitterionic unit called 3-(2-methylquinolin-1-ium-1-yl) propane-1-sulfonate (SQ) was introduced to confer these probes' cell impermeability (Figure 1a). [30,31] The detailed synthesis was given in the Supporting information and Figures S1-S10, Supporting Information.…”

Cryostorage of unstable N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase-V by synthetic zwitterions

“…18,19,21 We also have reported that the cell toxicity of articial ZIs is lower than that of dimethyl sulfoxide, which is generally used for biological and medical research, and can be used for cryostorage of animal cells. 22,23 Therefore, we hypothesised that ZIs have protein-stabilizing potential under cryostorage of unstable proteins, especially GnT-V.…”

“…1), which exhibits enzyme compatibility and the cryoprotective ability for cells. 20,22,23 Two more articial ZIs, VimC 3 S and C 1 imC 3 S, 23 were also utilised to investigate the effect of different zwitterionic structures on the ability (Fig. 1), because additional ZIs can be synthesised at a lower cost than expensive OE 2 imC 3 C. 24 Fig.…”