Synthetic Three-Dimensional Scaffold for Application in the Regeneration of Bone Tissue

Abstract

Bone tissue engineering aims to use biodegrade able scaffolds to replace damaged tissue. This scaffold must be gradually degraded and replaced by tissue as similar as possible to the original one. In this work a hybrid porous scaffold containing chitosan, polyvinyl alcohol and bioactive glass was successfully obtained and subsequently characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The scaffold presented satisfactory pore size range and open interconnected pores, which are essential for tissue ingrowth. A cytotoxicity assay showed that this biomaterial allows adequate cell viability, so that it was considered suitable for an in vivo experiment. Promising results were obtained with the implant of the scaffold in an experimental model of a New Zealand rabbit femur bone lesion. Clinical and biochemical parameters measured such as complete blood count, total serum proteins, albumin, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase were similar between animals in the control group at all time periods studied. Histological and histometric studies showed that the scaffold was coated with a cement-like substance, exhibiting many areas of mineralized structures. Very few osteocyte-like cells or lining-like cells were found inside the amorphous mineralized deposit. In vivo results allow us to consider this scaffold as a promising biomaterial to be applied in bone tissue engineering.

Role of chitosan in titanium coatings. trends and new generations of coatings

“…Coatings by different molecules, such as Cht, collagen, polysaccharides, peptides and biodegradable polymers, are being thoroughly investigated for their interesting results on implant surfaces (Song et al, 2020). Natural polymers possess highly organized structures and can contain an extracellular substance, called ligand, which is of great interest for binding to cell receptors; moreover, these types of structures can guide cell growth at different stages of development and stimulate an immune response (Coletta et al, 2018). It has been suggested that bioactive ions affect small molecules involved in intra-and intercellular signaling pathways and that these osteoinductive effects could be induced by bioactive small molecules that modulate bone morphogenic protein expression (Aravamudhan et al, 2013;Han et al, 2013;Kalinichenko et al, 2019).…”