Synthetic Rubber Polymerization Practices

Bebb, R. L.; Carr, Edward; Wakefield, L. B.

doi:10.1021/ie50508a022

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Elastomers1

Polymerization1

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1952

1994

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Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Two general reviews (422, 429) of elastomers were published, two reviews (58,475) were limited to synthetic rubber. Coffman (119) produced a hard rubber from butadiene using either redox or sodium activation; Reynolds and Fry ling (410) polymerized several dienes, including butadiene, at temperatures below 0°C.…”

Section: Elastomersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymerization

Winding¹,

Wiegandt²

1953

Ind. Eng. Chem.

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Section: Elastomersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymerization

Winding¹,

Wiegandt²

1953

Ind. Eng. Chem.

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“…A general review' has been written of synthetic rubber polymerization practices, including some history of GR-S, theories of initiation, oil-resistant types, and Alfin polymters (13).…”

Section: Polymerizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elastomers

Fisher¹

1952

Ind. Eng. Chem.

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Particle growth in butadiene emulsion polymerization, 4. The promoting effect of mercaptans

Verdurmen

Verstegen

German

1994

Macro Chemistry & Physics

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SUMMARYThe observation that b,utadiene emulsion polymerizations in the presence of fatty acid emulsifiers need minimal amounts of tertiary or n-dodecanethiols to polymerize at a reasonable rate is often referred to as the promoting effect of mercaptans and is evaluated in this paper.Experimental evidence is presented which shows that fatty acid emulsifiers can actively reduce the average number of radicals per particle. In this paper it will be shown that three components are necessary for retardation of the rate of polymerization in the absence of dodecanethiol to occur: I ) Only diene monomer polymerizations show retardation. 2) Only peroxodisulfate-initiated polymerizations show retardation. 3) Retardation of the rate of polymerization only occurs in the presence of fatty acid emulsifiers. These three components are combined for the first time in a reaction scheme which is an extension of a reaction scheme proposed by Kolthoff in 195 1. Experimental evidence justifies the suggestion that reactions between a fatty acid radical and butadiene play an important role in the promoting effect.

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Synthetic Rubber Polymerization Practices

Cited by 5 publications

References 33 publications

Polymerization

Polymerization

Elastomers

Particle growth in butadiene emulsion polymerization, 4. The promoting effect of mercaptans

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